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佳能 数码摄像机 XA20
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商品名称：佳能CANON 数码摄像机 XA20
颜色：黑色
有效像素：291万像素
数码变焦：400倍
产品定位：专业级
3.5英寸屏、20倍光学变焦、400倍数字变焦、DIGICDV4影像处理器!
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="750" height="265" />
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="742" height="40" />小型业务级专业机型将业务级手持式摄像机的多种功能和规格凝聚于小型紧凑而轻巧的机身上，适用于新闻、报导、纪录片等多种要求机动性较强的拍摄场合。全新升级的清元件，舒适的操控性及灵活的扩展性，让您享有专业机型的操作体验和清画质。
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="193" />
小巧轻便，灵活适用&将专业入门级手持式摄像机的各种性能凝聚于小巧轻便的机身，适用于机动性较强的拍摄场合。可拆卸手柄可按照拍摄需要拆装，方便拍摄。
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="180" />
清技术，专业画质&完全升级的镜头、感应器、影像处理器三大核心元件，带来更画质。新开发20倍变焦清摄像镜头采用三维实时构造并运用EF镜头的圆形光圈技术，在拍摄近似圆形的美丽虚化画面的同时，也具有强大防抖效果。新型约1/2.84" HD CMOS PRO影像感应器具有约291万视频有效像素，配合DIGIC DV4新型影像处理器，在低照度环境下也能拍出低噪点影像，并可同时记录AVCHD/MP4两种格式。新加入全清50P记录能力使之更清晰地记录快速运动的物体。红外拍摄功能即使在无光线环境下也能顺利拍摄。
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="193" />
体贴设计，轻松操作&采用约3.5"相当于约123万点OLED电容式触摸屏，可生动而清晰显示画面；约0.24"相当于约156万点分辨率可倾式彩色寻像器在构图时可清晰鲜明地观察到画面的细节部分，切实地进行拍摄。跷跷板式变焦键提了拍摄时的操作性；镜头盖快速开关设计，不错过瞬间拍摄机会；专业级摄像机的舒适操作性，让您在拍摄中得心应手。
750){this.height=this.height*(750.0/this.width); this.width = 750;}" src2="/images/nrgl/cpjs/.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="186" />
多种格式，清晰记录&支持AVCHD和MP4两种格式记录，并满足用户根据不同拍摄目的，组合不同的格式和比特率进行记录的需求，如同时记录可用于主新闻和存档的分辨率的AVCHD格式和用于快报的低分辨率低码率记录。还能支持全清50P记录。新加入动态模式能够在5轴方向上以电子方式补偿仅用以往的光学方式无法补偿的滚动失真、仰角失真，大幅度减少步行拍摄时的图像失真。双卡槽连续记录功能大幅延长了记录时间。
佳能CANON 数码摄像机 XA20
2013年11月
传感器尺寸
&&&&传感器的尺寸是指感光器件的面积大小，包括了CCD和CMOS。现在市面上的消费级数码相机主要有2/3英寸、1/1.8英寸、1/2.7英寸、1/3.2英寸四种。CCD/CMOS尺寸越大，感光面积越大，成像效果越好。1/1.8英寸的300万像素相机效果通常好于1/2.7英寸的400万像素相机(后者的感光面积只有前者的55%)。而相同尺寸的CCD/CMOS像素增加固然是件好事，但这也会导致单个像素的感光面积缩小，有曝光不足的可能。
（1/2.84）英寸英寸
&&&&有效像素数英文名称为Effective Pixels。是指真正参与感光成像的像素值，是在镜头变焦倍率下所换算出来的值。数码图片的储存方式一般以像素（Pixel）为单位，每个象素是数码图片里面积最小的单位。像素越大，图片的面积越大。要增加一个图片的面积大小，如果没有更多的光进入感光器件，唯一的办法就是把像素的面积增大，但是可能会影响图片的锐力度和清晰度。所以在像素面积不变的情况下，数码相机能获得最大的图片像素即为有效像素。并且有效像素的数值是决定图片质量的关键。
&&&&光学变焦是指通过移动镜头内部镜片来改变焦点的位置，改变镜头焦距的长短，并改变镜头的视角大小，从而实现影像的放大与缩小。
&&&&数码变焦是利用影像处理器将感光元件中某一区域的感光单元所获得的图象信息进行单独的放大，被摄物体通过镜头在感光元件上的投影成像的大小并没有改变，只是相机内部软件通过对感光元件中央部分的像素进行截取，并且使用内置软件进行放大以及插补，从而达到将影像放大的效果。
传感器类型
视频：AVCHD，MP4，图片：JPEG DCF（相机文件系统设计规则），兼容Exif 2.3版
显示屏像素
&&&&在实际拍摄中拍摄者的手在胶片或是CCD/CMOS感光过程中的抖动是客观存在的，只能通过特殊的机构来减小由于摄影者手的抖动带来的影像模糊。到目前为止，防抖分三大类型：光学防抖、电子防抖和感光器（CCD）防抖。在一定的快门以下，防抖技术可以非常好的解决手抖问题，小DC 上的防抖对于新手来说尤其重要，使他们可以获得更多的清晰的照片。但是同时防抖技术也会造成成像锐度的降低。
&&&&快门速度通过秒或几分之一秒来表示时间的长短。普通数码相机的快门大多在1/1000秒之内，基本上可以应付大多数的日常拍摄。快门不单要看“快”还要看“慢”，就是快门的延迟，比如有的数码相机最长具有16秒的快门，用来拍夜景足够了，然而快门太长也会增加数码照片的“噪点”，就是照片中会出现杂条纹。当改变快门速度时，同时也改变了运动物体被记录在底片上的方式。快门速度越快，运动物体就会在底片呈现更清晰的影象，反之，快门速度越慢，运动的物体就越模糊。
快门优先模式：1/2000秒；程序自动模式：1/500秒
显示屏尺寸
白平衡模式
&&&&白平衡英文名称为White Balance。物体颜色会因投射光线颜色产生改变，在不同光线的场合下拍摄出的照片会有不同的色温。平衡就是无论环境光线如何，让数码相机默认“白色”，而平衡其他颜色在有色光线下的色调。白平衡与周围光线密切相关，因而，启动白平衡功能时闪光灯的使用就要受到限制，否则环境光的变化会使得白平衡失效或干扰正常的白平衡。一般白平衡有多种模式，适应不同的场景拍摄，如：自动白平衡、钨光白平衡、荧光白平衡、室内白平衡、手动调节。
自动，预设（日光，阴影，多云，钨丝灯，荧光灯，荧光灯H，手动（可调范围：K））
焦距（相当于35mm
26.8-576mm（标准IS/IS关闭）、28.8-576mm（动态IS开启）
光圈（F）值
存储及输出参数
SD/SDHC/SDXC卡
131×180×231毫米
1160g（包括镜头遮光罩、麦克风支架，手柄单元、随机电池和存储卡一张）克
佳能 数码摄像机 XA20
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Digic 4 from Canon SX40
Digital Imaging Integrated Circuit is 's name for a family of
and . DIGIC units are used as
by Canon in its own digital imagery products. Several generations of DIGICs exist, and are distinguished by a version number suffix.
Currently, DIGIC is implemented as an
designed to perform high speed signal processing as well as the control operations in the product in which it has been incorporated. Over its numerous generations, DIGIC has evolved from a system involving a number of discrete
to a single chip system, many of which are based around the
for these units have been developed to add features to the cameras.
The original DIGIC was used on the
(Sep 2002),
(Mar 2004),
(Mar 2005), and other cameras. It consists of three separate chips: a video processing , an image processing IC and a camera control IC. .
DIGIC II is a single chip system introduced in 2004, unlike the first DIGIC, that allowed for more compact designs. DIGIC II also improved upon the original by adding a larger buffer and increasing processing speed. It has been used in some advanced consumer-level cameras and many discontinued digital SLRs such as
DIGIC II uses high-speed , which improves startup time and
performance. It can write to memory card at speeds up to 5.8 MB/sec. Additionally, Canon claims DIGIC II improves color, sharpness, and automatic
camera line.
Front view of
DIGIC III in Canon Powershot A3100
The DIGIC III Image Processor, introduced in 2006, was advertised to deliver improved image quality, faster operation and extended battery life compared to its predecessor. DIGIC III provides a faster interface to the
for the Canon PowerShot G7 and G9, SD750, SD800, SD850, SD900, SD 1000, A560, A570 IS, , A650 IS, , A495, EOS XS/1000D, EOS XSi/450D, EOS 40D, EOS 1D Mark III, EOS 1Ds Mark III, and S5 IS. It also provides higher resolution for their LCD screens. Additionally it has a 14-bit A to D converter providing greater bit depth than previous versions.
DIGIC III provides face detection AF/AE, which finds and tracks up to nine faces at once and controls exposure and flash to ensure proper illumination of the faces as well as the rest of the frame, reducing the detrimental effect of overexposed or darkened faces in a photo. It reverts to the AiAF system if the subject is either not detected or not deemed to be a subject (based on the iSAPS database). The latter is useful at tourist spots where there may be many people around who are not intended to be the subject of the scene.[]
iSAPS is a scene-recognition technology developed by Canon for digital cameras. Using an internal database of thousands of different photos, iSAPS also works with the DIGIC III Image Processor to improve focus speed and accuracy, as well as exposure and white balance.
uses dual DIGIC III processors to achieve a capture rate of 10 frames per second at 10.1
(with a maximum burst of 110
images, depending on the speed of the attached storage). The
also uses dual DIGIC III processors to achieve a capture rate of five frames per second at 21.1 MP.
SX210 uses the DIGIC 4 processor.
In 2008, Canon introduced the DIGIC 4 processor, used by the , , , , , , ,
(for metering and AF only). It is also used in newer cameras in Canon's PowerShot lines (, , , , and ).
Canon claims improvements such as:
Much faster image processing when compared to previous processors
Improved noise reduction in high- images
Improved performance while handling larger 14-bit RAW images
Live Face Detection AF during Live View
Dual DIGIC 4 processors are used in the
This CPU was introduced in 2014 to replace the DIGIC 5 on mid-range compact cameras, particularly the Elph/IXUS and SX series. Full specifications were not made available at introduction, but Canon claims a 60% speed bump over the original DIGIC 4.
uses the DIGIC 5 processor.
In 2011 Canon introduced the DIGIC 5. It is now featured on Canon compact cameras like
to achieve a capture rate of 10.3 frames per second at full resolution in High-Speed Burst HQ, Full HD 1080p Videos and Intelligent Image Stabilization. Canon claims the new DIGIC 5 processor is 6 times faster than the DIGIC 4 processor and efficiently manages the increase in scene information and simultaneously reduces the appearance of image noise by up to 75%. According to Canon, DIGIC 5 analyses four times more image information to create each pixel, recording more detail and colour from a scene than ever before.
DIGIC 5 appears to have been co-designed by .
DIGIC 5 Is used in the , , , and , as well as
cameras such as the Canon PowerShot N, , ,
DIGIC 5+ is an enhancement to the DIGIC 5 and DIGIC 4. The performance is said to be 17x the performance of the DIGIC 4.
The additional processing power allows for higher frame rate in continuous shooting (burst) modes, and greater noise correction through the use of signal processing.
DIGIC 5+ is used in the , ,
includes dual DIGIC 5+ processors, allowing for a capture rate of 12 frames per second in RAW + JPEG, and an additional DIGIC 4 processor specifically for its Intelligent Subject Analysis System.
Introduced in 2013, the DIGIC 6 image processor enables improved low-light performance up to ISO 6400, with reduced noise. In addition, it enables improved AF times and reduced lag over previous models. The improved performance allows for shots at up to 14 fps.
Further advancements attributed to DIGIC 6 can be experienced in movie mode, which records in MP4 format and doubles the frame-rate to 60 fps at 1080p. It also features reduced noise at 30 fps and improved image stabilization.
DIGIC 6 is used in , , , , , , , , , PowerShot SX700 HS, PowerShot SX710 HS and PowerShot SX720 HS. In February 2014, Canon also released the compact
and their newest compact mirrorless
in February 2015, both also utilize internal WLAN 802.11b/g/n.
includes dual DIGIC 6 processors, allowing for a capture rate of 10 frames per second in RAW + JPEG, and an additional DIGIC 6 processor specifically for its Intelligent Subject Analysis System. The
also use dual DIGIC 6 processors, with the capability to shoot up to five 50.6MP frames per second.
includes dual DIGIC 6+ processors, allowing for a capture rate of 170 consecutive RAW images at 14 fps or 4k Video with up to 60 fps.
Introduced in 2016, the
was the first Canon camera to include the DIGIC 7 processor.
The DIGIC DV is used in Canon's single-chip CCD digital camcorders as well as the DC20 and DC40 DVD camcorders.
The DIGIC DV II utilizes a hybrid noise reduction system and a new gamma system. The processor is used in all of Canon's high-definition camcorders and, with the exception of the DC20 and DC40, all of their DVD camcorders including the new SD camcorders FS100, FS10, FS11.
The DIGIC DV III processor is used in the Legria ()/Vixia () high-definition HFS100, HFS10, HF200 and HF20.
The Digic DV III has also been incorporated into
line of digital cinema camera, commencing with the
in late 2011.
The DIGIC DV 4 processor was introduced in 2013 in the Vixia/Legria G, R, and Mini series camcorders, as well as that year's XA-20 and -25 professional camcorders. Canon claims it is capable of recording simultaneous MP4 and AVCHD video streams.
The DIGIC DV 5 first seen in the
and the , which both were announced April 8 right before the . The XC10 uses a single DIGIC DV 5, while the C300 Mark II uses a dual DIGIC DV 5 implementation. Both are capabele of 4k at 24, 25 and 30fps with 4:2:2 color sampling in the XF-AVC H.264 codec.
Canon Hack Development Kit (CHDK) firmware, showing the on-screen display editor
The DIGIC board contains an x86 compatible processor ( emulation) running
and only S1IS running VxWorks and two other chips (the image processor itself and a ).
The DIGIC II and DIGIC III
contain embedded 32-bit processors based on the
. Until around 2007, Canon point-and-shoot cameras ran a -based , but recent cameras are based on the
operating system developed in-house by Canon.
The free software Canon Hack Development Kit (CHDK) project, started by , has successfully enhanced many
cameras without replacing the stock . It allows vast programmatic control of many Canon compact cameras, enabling users to add features, including games and scripts written in
or . Features include shooting in RAW, USB-cable remote shutter-release, highly synchronized shooting between multiple cameras, motion-detection triggered photography, customizable high-speed continuous (burst) TV, Av, ISO, and Focus bracketing (increasing ), 1 Gig video-size limit removed in earlier cameras, Shutter, Aperture, and ISO overrides (shutter speeds of 64" to 1/10,000" and higher).
For the CHDK project to augment or extend firmware, it was necessary to obtain copies of the cameras' in some cases this can be done via a pure software method, while others rely on a method of using a blinking LED on the camera as an optical serial port to transmit the firmware to a host computer.
However, to install precompiled firmware on a PowerShot camera, it is only necessary to download the correct binary and copy it to an SD memory card. If the SD card is set to lock and the boot flag is enabled when the camera is turned on, the camera will autoboot from the binary file on the card and CHDK will be loaded into the camera's ram. If the card is unlocked or removed, the camera will start up in the original Canon firmware. CHDK will mask the lock on the SD card so that the camera will still write to it however. Alternatively, CHDK can be loaded manually from the Canon menu.
400plus is a free firmware add-on which offers additional functionality for Canon
in a non-destructive and non-permanent way.
Main article:
Magic Lantern is a firmware add-on written for the Canon 5D Mark II by Trammell Hudson in 2009, and ported to the 550D/T2i/Kiss X4 (1.0.8) in July 2010 by the same author. Starting September 2010, A1ex from CHDK forum and other people ported this add-on to the 550D/T2i (1.0.9), 60D, 500D/T1i/Kiss X3, 600D/T3i/Kiss X5 (1.0.1) and 50D; It also runs on the 7D. The firmware is released under the . Originally developed for DSLR filmmaking, its feature base has expanded to include tools useful for still photography as well.
Current features include:
Audio controls, on-screen audio meter, audio monitoring via A/V cable
control, auto-restart
Precise ISO, White Balance, and Shutter Speed controls
, , , , spot meter,
Focus peaking, 'magic zoom', , ,
, bulb ramping, bulb timer (up to 8 hours)
Custom cropmarks/on-screen graphics
On-screen focus and
info, CMOS temperature, clock
Customizable menus
14 bit RAW Video on some DSLRs
Planned future features include
output, anamorphic preview, and custom . Because installing Magic Lantern does not replace the stock Canon firmware or modify the ROM but rather runs alongside it, it is both easy to remove and carries little risk. Canon has not made any official statements regarding the add-on firmware, either on the subject of warranty or on the features.
. dpreview 2013.
(PDF). Canon Professional Network. Canon. 2004. p. 12 2013.
. . 25 May .
. Canon Europe N.V. .
. Canon.co.uk. 20 October .
. Canon.co.uk. 23 July .
Tomohiro Otsuki, Nikkei Electronics (22 September 2008). . Techon.nikkeibp.co.jp 2010.
. . February 28, 2014.
from the original on February 28, .
vashistha pathak, New Camera (15 September 2011). .
. DP Review. . (Intelligent Subject Analysis System
. Canon Knowledge Base. . A DIGIC 5+ is [...] 17 times faster than DIGIC 4
. Canon U.S.A., Inc. .
. Canon U.S.A., Inc. . (Intelligent Subject Analysis System
. CANON RUMORS. .
Tuesday, 24 August 1999  04:00 GMT (24 August 1999). .
. Rayer.ic.cz 2010.
. Canon 2011.
. . 30 March .
, Hacking Canon Point-and-Shoot Cameras, Posted by kdawson on Tuesday 6 May, @04:56 pm, from the now-don't-brick-it dept.
. . 18 December .
D, Alex. . Magic Lantern Firmware Development Google Groups 2012.
. Magic Lantern Firmware Wiki 2012.
. Magic Lantern Firmware Wiki 2012.
Wayner, Peter (May 26, 2010). . .
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