???÷???????ú??????????????×??°?ó???ì????????????????????·?????°?????×????ó????????????????——???????ú????????????·???????????·??·?????????á???????ó???????ú??

?§?°??????????????????????????????±??é??????×÷???????á???±?ú?????·?ù????×÷????°??????????ó???ù×é?????????????????ù????????????????·???±??à??±à????????????????????????????×÷???????÷?????????????ê?ó???§?°?????ù??????????????——

×????????ú?????????¨?????????????????ú?????ó?????????????????ú?????????±???ü?????????à???????????±?????????ú?????????????ú??——?????????????ú?????ú?ú??°??????×???????????ú???????ì???ú×??÷????×??×??????????

?è?????÷???????????????ú???????ì???ú×??÷????×??×?????????????????????ú?????????ú?????????????????????ú?????????????????ú???????·???ü?????·?????????·?????????·??????×??ú?×???°?????????????????ú????????·???????·??ü?????±?????????é??????·?×?——????????????·????????ú?÷????°??¨?÷????·¨?÷???÷??·?×???

???è·????????????ú?????ù±??????????ú????????????????????????????????±??????ì?????????ú?ú??°????????ó?????????ü?????????????ú°??¨????????????????????????????×??·???§??——???ú???????÷???±?¨?????ó?????ò°ì×??ú?×????????×???????????×??·?????????????ú?÷×????ù?????????ì???ú×??÷????×??×??????????

?????????÷???±?ú???????ó?????ú?????????????à?ü?????é?????????????????????ó?????ó?ú???????ó???????????????????à?±?ó???????÷???¨???ù±????ò?????÷????“???????ú?÷????????????”???????????????????ü?????????ü???§?????????ü?????????ù????????±??????·????????????????·????ó?????í?????????????ú?÷?????????ó????????±???????????????????×???±???±?????

?ù????????“?????÷?ú?ì?????????ó?????°??×?????????????”???????ú×???????????????±??????ó???????????ó?????????????????????ú?ü?????????????????????????ü?ò?÷???ó??????°§???????????ù????????·¨?±?????????ê?????·???????·????·¨????????“???????ú?÷?????????????ó?????°??×?????????????”

?????ó???????ì???????ú???°?????ú????????????????±??????ú??????±??±???ú????????????±???????±???????±??????ú?????ú????????????±??ò?????????????????????÷???±?ú???????????ú???¤???·?????????????????ì?????ú???ú???????ú??????·??ü?????ú???????????????ú???ú???ì?????????????????????ó???????????·??×°——?????????ú???á??????????·????????ú???????????????????????????????ú???á?ê??????°????ú?ò????????????????????????????????

°????ú?ò?????????????????×?????ú?è????????????·????????ú?????????????÷???±?ú???ù???????????????????????????????????????????????±?ú?????????ù?????ò·?°????ü????????????????±??¨????±???????±???????±??????ù????·??????á?÷??????????°ì?ó????×é????????????·???·???°??¨?÷???????ò?????ó·???——

°????ú?ò???????????????????ú??????·????????ú·??????????ù?????????????????????ì?ò?????????¨??·?°?????——

???????ú???????????ó???????ú??????·??????????????ú?ü?????ú·????????÷——???ú×????????????÷??????????·????????÷??

???ù??????????????°??¨?÷?????ù??°??¨?÷????????????????????°??¨?÷????????????????????????°??¨?÷???????ò??·????????¨???×?????????????????°??????????±???±?·?°??¨?÷???????ù???????¨??°??¨?÷?????????·??????°???°??¨?÷???????ú???????é?ê??°??¨?÷?????ù?ò?????ú?????é?ê????????????±í?????????ì???????????ú?á×???·??ú???????ù????????×???????——????°??¨?÷???????????ú???????é?ê?????????ú???????????ú?÷??????????????????????°??¨?÷?????ù?????????±????????°??ó?·??????????????????

×?????°??¨·????????ù??·??????????ù??·?°??????ù???????????ù???????????????????ù????????·??????????ù??????????????——????????·?°??????ù????????°??¨·????????ù??

?¤??????????????????°??¨?÷??????·??????ú?è???????ì???????????????????ò?????????????????????ì?ò??·??????÷????????????·????ó?????í?????????????????ù????????????——???ú???è???????ò?÷??????????????????°??¨?????????????ú??·????ú?????è??·????????????????????????????????????????ù???ú???ò???è???????????á?????????????????????????????????????????????ó??????????·?????°??¨???????????????????ú????±ê???????????ú?¨?????ò???ó?????è?????¨??????·?°????????·????·??ò??

???????????????????ú?ü???ú?÷?????????????????????????ú?ü???ú?÷?????????ú???????????????ú?ü???ú?÷???????????????ú?ü???ú?÷?????????????????????????ù?¤??±????ú×?????×÷??????????????“±????ü?????ù”?????????á????????????????×è????±±??ê??????÷???????ó???ì“??????”?á???????????????ù??

?????ú?÷?????????ü???á???¤?????ò????????×???????°????ó?????ü???ù?????????????ü??????????·????????ú???????ú?????ù???°???????????ú?ü°????????ù?????????????????????ó?à?????????????????????????????°?????????ú?????±????????????“°á?????·?ò×???????”????±??????????????????ò???á?????ü·????????????ó??????×÷??——?á???????ú?÷????????????????????????????????????

?????ú?÷????????????????????????????????????????????????——?????????ú?·???????????????????????????????í??

?±?????????ú?÷??????·???±??????????????????????????ù???ó???§°????????á???????????????????????í?????????????÷????????·?·¨?????????÷?????????????????????????????ó??????·?·¨????·??????ú?????????ú??????×??÷????·?·¨??????????±??????ú???????÷?·?á????°???????±????ú???????????????????ú?ò?????ú???ú???ú?????í?????????????÷??????±í????????????????“???ú?÷?????????????????????ú???????ú???????????????ú???????ú?????ù?????????????ú?÷?????°?é???é???????????ü?é???????????é??”

?????????÷???????ú????????±??????????????????????÷???????????§???????ú?÷???????è?????×?????ò????????“?????????????????ó?ú?????±???á?????è???????????á???????????????ò?????á?÷???????¤×÷×??????????????÷???ì???¨???????????í?????÷????????????±??????÷?????ù???á???ò???ú????????×?????×?±??÷????±??????·”?????????ú?????????ò?????§?????????ú?÷???????è????×??????????ú???????ú????????±??????ó?????????????ú???ú?????????????§?????????ú?÷???????è???????????ú???ü????????????????

???????ì?????ú???????????????á?ü????????????±????????????????ú·??????¨???????????????ú?????????ó?????????§?????????ú?÷???????è??????????·??????ú????????±????á?é????????????????×?????????±??í?????????ú??·????????????è·?????°????·??·è??????——???ú??????×????ú??×??ù?ò???·?????è·????????????????è·???????·??????????è·????????ù?????ú???????ú???????????ú???????ú????????×??????????????????è???????????è·????????è·??????ú????????????°????????ú?????????????????ó?ù?????????è????±??¤°?????????????????·??????è????????????????????×°?????ú??????????·??????????ú?÷???????è????????????????????????×°??

°??¨?÷???????¨?????????á×??????????????????á×????????ú?·?è?¨?????è???????????????????????á???·?ù????×?·???·?°????????ü???????????????ú??????????????×??ó??????????????×?????????——???ú????·???°??¨?÷???????¨?????????ú??????????°??¨?÷?????????¨?????????????????ú???????????ó?????????????????????¨???????????????á??????????×????????à?ê?????á°??¨???°?ó???ü??

”“???????????ú?÷???????????????????????????????????????????????á???ü?????????????????????????ü???ü??×??????????????ü????????????????????”???÷???????????????????????ú?÷????????????±?????×?????????????????????????·???°??¨?÷?????í?????????????ú·?°?????????????????

”“???????????ú?÷???????????????????????????????????????????????á???ü?????????????????????????ü???ü??×??????????????ü????????????????????”???÷???????????????????????ú?÷????????????±?????×?????????????????????????·???°??¨?÷?????í?????????????ú·?°?????????????????

???÷???????????????????ú·?°??????????????????ü?ó?¤?????ú?????????????????????ú?÷??????·????ü?????ú???????ü?????????????????ú?÷?????ü???í???????ü?????ú??·??????????????????????????????ê???????????ú???????±??°ü×°???ü?????ú??·?°??????ì???????????????ú°??¨?????ó?????????ü?ù?ò?????????ì?????ú???ú???????ú??????·??ü?????ú?????????????ü???????ú???ú???ì???????????í???????÷?????????????????????????????÷???????????????ì?·????????????·???°??¨?÷?????????????????÷——?????????è???????°?????????????????????á·??ú???ì?ó??×??????ú??????????????×?????????·????????ú?ò±?????·?????????×????á??????????

???ú?????????????????ù?????ú???????ú?÷??·?×??????????ó??·?°?????±????????ú???????ú?÷??·?×????ò?÷??±ê?????ú?????????ú????×?±????????á???ú???????á???ú????×????????ü???ú?????????????????ú?ü°??????ú???????????????????ü???????????????????à???÷???????×??——???ú?????????ú?????·????????×??ù?ò???·???????????????ú??????°??????????????????????±????????

???????????ú???ò???ú?§?°??????±???·¨???ò???ú·?????????±??ó·????????ú?ó??????????±??????????????á?÷?????ú???????ü?????????????????????????ú???????????????????ì?ò??????????????????×??í?¨?è??????·??????·?ù??×??????????à?????ì?????ú?×?????ü????????°à????????°??¨?÷???????????????÷?????????????????ú?????¨??????????·??ù???ù?????????ú?????????ó?????????????????ú?????à??·???°??¨?÷????·???×?±??÷????“?ì??????×???”??

???????????ú???ò???ú?§?°???????í·?·¨??×é?¨?á?¨???ó??·?°??????ü???????ú???????????÷???ù±????????????????ú???????????????ê????????×???·????????ú???·×?±????????????????????ú???ò????°ì??????????????——?????é?????÷?????ú±??????ù?¨?????????ù?????ó??????·????????????ú?÷???????ú????°ü?¨?ó?????§???????????¨?????÷???????÷?·???ó±?????“??????°ì±¨”?????ó???????á?¨??·???°??¨?÷????·???×?±??÷????°??ú???????????????????????ú?????????ì???°??????????????±????á???·????????

???????????ú???ò???ú?§?°????·??????????à???à??±????????????ú??·?????????·????á?÷????????????±???????·?°???????·?×?±??÷???????????????ú???é?????í?????ù???á???????ú????????×é?????????ú?????????????????ó???????ú±???×?????·??à????·????????????????ú?ó?????????ú?????????????ú???ó?????ú?ó??±??????????ú?????????????ú???ó??×????????ú??·????????????ú??·?°??????á?????????????ó???§?°???ù°??????????????ú???ò???ú?§?°???±?????????ò???ú?§?°?????????????????é????????????????????????——???ú???????????????ú±í°??¨?÷?????????ù?????ü???°???????????????ú???????????????ú±í???????????ù?????ü???????????÷????

???ì?????????????¤???????÷??????????·??ú???ì?????÷???????????ù???¨???????????°????±????????????ú?????í???ù?????????????????????????????à???§?????è?????ò????????·????÷?????????????????????????????¨?????¤?????????ò?????????????è????×????????ú?ú???ì???????????????÷???????????????????ú?ú???ì?????á??±ü???????????????·?????????????í???ò??????????????????????·???·?°??·?ù?????????????????????°?ó???????ú???é?????????????????????í?à???ù??????????×???·?°????????????????????ó????????????????——?????????ú°??¨???á???§?????ò?????ó?????????????????????ò???ü±??????°???????????????ò???ü??????????????????

???ú?ì???????ú·?°????????é?ê?????????ú???ú?ê?è?????ú?ì???????á??·?°??????·??????°??¨?÷???????ú??????????????×??ó?????????????á??·?°????????????ú???ú?ê——???ú???ú???????ê?????÷??????????????·????????÷°??¨?÷??·??????ú?????ù??±??????????ú?ü°?????????????·?????×??×?????????????ú????·??????????ú??????·??ü???ü?ê?????????¤?????ó????????????????????????±??????????ù???????ò°???????????·??????ù???????ú??????·??ü±????ê????????????????????×??????ú???ê???ì?????ú??????°????ü?è???????????????????ó????????????°??¨?÷?????????????????ü?????????????????????ú???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ù??????????·???°??¨?÷???????á°??¨?÷????

·???°??¨?÷???????????ù?????????ù??×é???????????ú??????·?°????????????ú±???×é???????????ú????????????×??????????ú·?°??????????????è???ú?????????????????????§?°???ú???????????????????????é???????ù?????????????ú?????????ü?????á?????ú???ú?é???????????????ú??°??ú?÷???????????????????à???????ó“×?????”°??ú?????ü?????????????÷??????????????????±ê????????????×é?????????????ó·?????×é???????????ú??????????×????????????à?ù??·?°?????????????±???·?°??????????ú???ó????????·?°??????????ú?ú?·????????·?°??????????ú????????????·?°??????????ú?·??????????·?°???????·??÷???????????????????????????ú?????????????????????ú?????????ü???????????????ó?????????ì?????ú?????????á???????????ì????×é????????????????·?°????????¤????

???????ú???á?????????ú????×??÷?????????????????ú????????????????·????ù????????????????·??í?°???????ú??????×??ú?×???????????????????±??????ר???????????????????????ò?????ú??·?????×??÷???????????é???????????????????????????????à?ú???????????????ú???????????±???????????ú????×??÷??????????????·??????????????·?????í??·????????ü??????·?????????????????????????????×??ù?ò???????????ú?????ù??????????????????????????°?????“?°?ó????”??????????????±ê?????ò??????“????????”??

?ú?·?????ú????×??????????????÷???????ú?÷?????????ú?????????ü?÷?????????ú?÷?????????ú?????????ó??????????°??????????????????ü????????±é????????×??????????????ú?÷?????????????????ú?÷?????????????÷???????§?é?????ò??×???????·??????????????¨???ü???ù?????????????????×?????????????ü???ü??±????ü?????????????????????¤???±?ó???????????????????????????÷?????????ú?÷???????ú?·?????????ú?÷?????ò???????????????ó?ò?é???ú????????????——?ù???????????????ú?????ú?÷???????????????????????÷?????????????????ù±????ù??????×??÷?????ù????

???ú?÷??×÷??×?±??÷????×?????×??ó?×?????ú±í×?????×?±??÷?????????ò???????ò???????ü???ù±????????????????ü??·?????????????????×??ú?×?????????ü??????????????±????????ù????×??÷???????????ù??×????????ú?÷?????????¨???????ú×·?ó???????????????ü???????????????????????????????????????à?????????ú???ò??????±??????????????ù???ü?????ù?????????ù?????????ù?????????ù?????ú????×??????????????ú°?????——?????·°×??????×??ú?×??????????????????×???°ü?¨?????????????????????ú??????????°ü?¨????“????°×??”±???????·ò?????????????ù??×??ù?ò???????????ò?????ú????????×?????????×??????????????????????ú?????ù??

×???????×????????????ú?÷??×??í??????·??????????ù????×?????±??????????ú?????ú?÷???????????ú??×??÷????????????????±????????ù???????????????ú?÷????×???????????±??????????????????????????í——???????????ü??±???????·????ü??±???????·??????ú?÷???????ù???????ú?÷???????ù???????ù?????¨?????????ù?????????????ú×?????????????????????????????·??????ú?÷???????ù??

???ú°??¨???????????????·???ù??????????????×????????????×???ò????????·?????°??¨?÷?????????????????????????????????????????????????ó???÷???¨?????÷???????è???????????????????????ì?ó????±??ó??????????±??ü?????????????ú???±?ú???ú???????ù????????°??¨?????ó???????ê?????????ò°?°??¨???ú??——

???ú°??¨?????????????????¨?????????????????????????????????ó???????ú????????????????????????????????????±??????????????è???ú?????á?÷?????????????????????????????¤??×?????·?°???????????×??÷???á??·?°??????????ü?????è???ú???ó??????±á?????ú?????ó????????????·??÷???ú°??¨???ü????×·?ó——???????????è???????ú???????·?????ì????????±?????????????

???????????????????????ú????????±???????±??¨?????????????ú?????????????ú°??¨??·???????????????±??????????????ü???ó??±§?????¨?????è??????×????????ú????“°??????ú”?????ì“??????????”?????ú?±??פ???ó???é???à???????????ú????“????·????????ú????”???ù????????????·??à??????????????????????????????????????????????·?°??????·?ù???ó·??ê????????????·?°??????·?ù???ó??????·?°?????????????????????????????·?°???????±??ó???é??????????????????????????????????????°?????????×é????????·?°?????±????á????????·??????ù±????ò??

“???????¤??????????????”???????????????ú???????????????????§???ò??“??????”??“???à???±???????à??????”?????ú??·?°??????????????§?§?ò?ò?????????????????????????°?á???????????????ú?????????? ??“??????°???????????”?????ú????°????????????????¨?¨?????????????????????ú?????????????????à??°??ú?????????à???ò?????á??°?????????×é????????·?°?????????·?????????×?????±????à?????????????????????????????????????????????????ò??????×é???????????????????????????????ì???????ú???????ó???ú?·??×?????±????????ì?ò°?°??¨?÷?????????·??

·?°????????ì????????????????°?????±??à?á????·?·¨??????·?°????¤×÷????????????????°?????±é?????????????????±???ó??????????????????°??????????ì?????????????????????????é????????????????????????°??????é??????????????±???????·??????ú?°??????×??·?¨???????ú?ú?·???·?ù???????ó°??ú????×?·????????????§?????????????§?????????ú?ú?·±??¤??·??ù???ü???????§?????÷???ú?ú?·?????????????????????ó??????????????????????????°????ú?ú?·????????°???????×????±??????????????????×????????????ì???ú·?????×??ù?ò?ú?????ù?????????????????ò??????????·??????·??????????????????????????????????????????????·?°??????????????????????????é——±?????????×?????·????????????±?????á???????·?ù???????????????ú?·?????????ü?????????ü????·???????

???????????????????????????????ú??°??????????????????ì?è?á????×?????????°??ú?÷???????????????ì?????????????ó??°??ú?÷???????????????ú??????×??÷????????????????±¨?ê???????ì??????????????????°?×??ú??·???°??¨??“?????ó×?±¨”???????ó???????ì°??????ú??????????±??????????ú?????????¤?????????±???????????????????????÷???±?ú??????°??ú?÷?????????????÷???????????????÷???????????????ü?????????ü?????ú?×???????ó???ü????????

?????ù?????????ù?°?ó?????ù???·????×????????°???????????????????????????±?ú???????ó??????????????????????±????????????ü??×?±????±?ò?????±???ú???????????ò???±?ò????????·???°??¨?÷??????????×ó???°???÷?????±???ú???????ó·???°??¨?÷?????±?ò???????????ü×????°???ó????????????“·ò??????”?????????????????÷?????????÷???????????à?????·??×???????????????????????????????????èí???????????????????????????????????????ò?ê????

????????????±????????ú°??¨???í?ó?????????·??????????????????????????????·???°??¨?÷???????????????ì????????????????????????????×??????????????????????????×????????——?????????×?§????????????????????????????????×???????×?????

???±?ü?à??????????·?°??·?ù???±?ú?é?÷??×??÷?????????????????ú?ú·?°????????è?????????è?????????÷°×·?°??·?ù????????????×????ú?????????????????????????????????????????ú??????——?????????????????????ú??????×??ù?ò?????????????????????ú?????ù?????ù?????á???ò?÷?????????????????????÷·????ú?÷???ú????????·????????????????ú??×??????????±?????????÷°×???????????????????¨????·??????ü?à??·?°?????????·?°????ì?????????¨???????ü?à???ò??°??¨???ò°?°??¨??????·?·¨???ü?à?????ò?????????????????????á????????×é?????????¨????????·?°??·?ù???±?ú?é?÷??

???????????ù——???????????ú?????×???????????ù?????????×?????×??????????×?????×????????ú?????ú??????????????????????????????????????????????????×??????·?ù?????????????????ù??????°??¨??·?°??¨????????????????????????×??????·?ù???????????·?ù????????????±??????????????§???????????????ù?????????ù?????ó?§°????????????ú°??¨?????ò?????????????à?ú??????×????????????????ù???????????ú°??¨?ü???±?????????ù???????????????ù?????ù?????????????????ù???????ù±???????°??¨?÷??????????

?????ú?????ù——?????ó?????ù???????ù?????°??????·???????????±????ó???????????ú?·???????ù??·??????à???????à???????????ù?????à??·??????????ù???±???ì??????????????°??¨?÷??????????????????????????·???°??¨?÷???????ù?????????????ù??·?????????????°??¨?÷???????ù????·??????????ù?????????????÷?ú???????ù?????????ú????????·???????·???????°??¨?÷?????ù????????·?????????·???°??¨?÷???????ù???????ó???à???ù??????????????·???????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????????ò????????·?????·?·¨?????????????ù·???·????????ù????????·???°??¨?÷???????ù·???°??¨?÷???????ù???ù?????????ú?????ù?????ù?????????????????ù???????ù±???????°??¨?÷??????????

???????????ù——??°??¨?÷???????á??????????????°??¨?÷???????ù??·???°??¨?÷???????ù????????±????????á?????????????????????÷?¨??×???????????·?·????????ú????×??ú?×??????????????????????????????°?????×?????????????????±?°??¨?÷???ù???ó???ù?????????????????????????????????ú°??¨??·???·????????÷???÷?ù???°?????ù???????à???????ü???ò?÷???????ü???????ù?ò???ù?????????ù?????????ù???????ú°??¨?????????????ù???????????????÷?????????÷?????????÷???ú?ú??×??÷??????????·????????¤?????ú°??¨???????????¤?????ù?????????????????÷?ú??????·?°????ù???ò?????????ó???????????ü??????????°??¨?÷???????????????????????????÷?????????÷?????????÷??????×????ù???????????????ù?????ù?????????????????ù???????ù±???????°??¨?÷??????????

???÷??????·????????????ü?????ù?????????????ó?????ü?????ì???à???????ò?????ì??????±????·??????????·??????ú°??¨?????ù?????????ù?????????ü?????ù?????????????ó?????ü?????ì°??¨?÷???????????????ú????×??ú?×?????????ò???????ì??????????×?·???????????±??¤???????·???????????????ò·?°???×?????±ê?????????ù?????????????ú°??¨?????ù????????——???????ó???????????ü???ò??????·??????·????×????????ì???ú°??¨??×???·??????????ù?????????????????????????????????ù???????ì?????????????÷?????????ù???????????????????????????????????????ú°??¨????

???ú?ü???????????ò???????????ù?????????ù???????????ú?·??????°????????????????ú?ü?????????????ò?????????????????????????????????ù?????ú°??ú?÷???????ú±í?????????ù???ü???????????????????????÷?????ù??“????????”??°????????ù??“????????”???????????ù??“?¤??????”?????ó???????????ù???????????????ù??????????????????????????????±????????ù???ù±???????·?????????????????±??????????ù???ù±????????????????ü???????????¨???????ò?????????????ò???????ò???????????????ú???????????????????ò?????????????ú??????×?????????????????????????????×??????à?ó°×?????????????????á???????ú???????????????ì?????§?????????ú???????¨?á?????ó?????????????????????????±???ù?????ú°??¨?÷?????ù???????????á???ü?????????????¨???ú?·?????¤?÷?????ú°??¨??×????????ù????????????×??????ò?????????????????ù?????????ò???ü?ù???????????????????????ù?????????ò???ü?ú?????????????×?????????ó???????ù???????¨?????ò±??ü???????à?à???????ü??

???????ú°??¨?÷??????????????·è????????????·??????????????ó???????????á??±??¨?????ú°??¨??????±???——???ú???ü??°??¨???????????ó?????????ü?ò?????????????ò?????±???ó?????????????ü???????????à?????????????????????????ú??????°??¨?¨?????????????÷?ú????????°??÷???????±???ú?ü???ú?÷?????????????ü???????????????????????ü???????á?ó?ò???????±???????????ú????°??¨???é???????à???????á???????à?????ì??×??í???????????ú??????°??¨?????????????????????????????????ù????????????????????×??ó×????????????????????????????????á?¨????????·????°?????????????????ò???????????°?ò???°???ù???????????????????ó?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ú°??¨·??????????????ó??——???????????????????????????ú°??¨??????±?????

???????????ú????????·??????ù????°??í??×??±?±???ú?????±????????·??ú????·??????ù????°?????×?——?????????ú?????????????ú???????????????????ú?????????§???¨??“×???”???¨???????ú?????????????ú????????????????????°??á??????·?×÷???????í??×???????×????á?????í????????“?ù??????”???ó???ú±í?????ú??·???×??????????ì???????????????????????????ù???????????????ù?????ü×??·?ü?????????????????????ú?????????????ó???????ú·??????í?????????à?????ù?????ú?????????ú????±???×???±??????á????·?????

???????ù???ú?????????±?ò???×???????????ù?????????ê?ú?????ú???????????????????????????????????????????????ú?÷??——???????±??×????????à???????í?????????????????????????????????ú?÷?????????????????????ú?????????????????????í?ó????

???????ù???ú?????????±?ò???×???????ú??·??????ù??·??ù?????ù?????????????ù?????ú?????ù???????????????????????????????ú?????????????ò???????????????????á°?±??ó?????????????????ú?÷????“?÷??”????????????·????????????????????????????¤????

?§??????????????·?°??·?ù???????????á???§???ù???????÷???ú????????·?°??·?ù???????ú°??¨????????????????°?????·???×??ó???????±?ú±??°????????????????????×??????ú??±??????×?×?úè???????????????????±?????????????×??÷???á??·?°??????????ì??±?????????????????·?°??·?ù??×??ó?¨??×??ú?·——????±????§??°??ù???????????§??°????????????§?????????????§???????????????§??????????????·?°??·?ù??????±????§????·????ù????????·?°??·?ù????????±????§???÷·?·????ú??????°ü?¨???ú????×??í??·?°??·?ù??

???????ó???????±???????÷?ú?????????????????·?ù?????ú?????ó?§???????????????÷?????????????í??°??¨?÷?????????????????????ò???±?ú???±???±???ú?ò?????°?ó???????????ó?????????????????ü?????????????????ü??????——???ù?????ú?????ó???????ì???????ú?????ù?????ú???????????????à?????????????????????ú?????ù?????ú???§????????????·?°??·?ù???é?ê????????

?????ú?÷??±??????????????????????????????§?????á?¨?????????ó???????????????é?????????????????????ü???????ù???ü?????ò°??????ú?÷?????÷????????°??á??????°??¨????????·???°??¨???????????à?????????????ù???ó???ü???????ú??????·??ü???????ù???ü???????????ú??????·??ü??????×??????????¨???????¤?????ú?÷?????ü???ú?÷——???????ú?÷????????????????×????????×???ì??

???ú??????????????????????????????????????°????????????????????????????????????????ù???????????????????°???????ù?????????ê?????????????????ù?÷°??????°???????ù????·??????????ó???????????ù?????ì??????????????????????±?????????“???????ù?ò??????”??“???ü???ù?ò??????”???????????±??????°??¨?÷??????·¨?÷???÷???????ù±????????????????ù????·¨?÷???÷??????????·????????????ò?ê???????ì·?????????°??¨?÷???????????????????????????????????????ò????±??????????ò???ü???????????????ü???????????????°?????????????????????????°??????±??¤·¨????????????±??¤·¨?????ú???????????????????????????á??·???°??¨?÷??????????????????·?°?????????????????×?°??¨?÷?????°?????í??

??????°??¨?÷?????±?ú???????ù??×??ù??????????°??¨?÷?????????????????°???????????ü?÷???????????°????????????????????×??÷???????????ú????×??ú?×?????????????±?ú???????ù?ü?????¨?????×???ù????????????????°ü?¨???ú????????±é????????????×é???????????????????????????ü???????ü?á?????ü×??·???????????ú????×??ú?×??????????????°??¨?÷???ü???ú?÷????????°??¨?÷???ú?????ú?????????????????????????????????ú——???????±??°??¨?÷?????ù????????·???°??¨?÷???????ù??????????°??¨?????????????????????¤?????????à???á???????????????????ù?????????ú???ó?????????????????ú?÷?????????????????à?????????????±?ú??

???????ó???????????±?ò???ú???ú?????±?ú?ì??????á??????ò?????????????????ó??????·????¨?????í???????????????????????±?ò?????á?????ü???·???ü???????ü?°?ó??????——??±????????????ò???á?÷???????????????ú?÷?????????÷???????ü?????±?ú????±???????????????????±???????×????ú??????·????????????????±?ú??

???ú?????????á?÷?????ú???????????????ú???ú???ì????——???????ú???ú?????á???ì?????????ú???????????????????????ú??·???·?°??????????????ú???ú???ì????——???????ú???ú?????á???ì?????????ú???÷?¨??°?????????±??¤????

???ú???ú??±????????????ú?????????÷í??ù???ò?????ú???ú?????é?ê????????——???ó?????????????????????????????????????????ò?ê???????????ü????±??????????????ú????·?????

???ú???ú??±????????????ú?????????÷í??ù???ò?????ú???ú?????é?ê????????——???ó???????????????????????ó???????????ó??±???——???ì?????ú?????????ú?÷?????ù?ò????????????±??????ó?ó?????????????¨?é×í????????????????????×????????????ú???ú?·???????????????ú?????ü?????ú——??????×?????×????????±?ò????????±???·???×??ó?????ù???????ú???ú??±???·???×????ó?????ù??

???????ù?????????????????ù?????á???????ó???????????ê???±?±??????°????ú??????????°????ó?¤??±????????ú????°???????·????????????????????ú???ú????????????°??????ó???????????ü?í???????ü·????¨?????????????á???????????ü??——

???ú???ú???????ê????±????ü±?????????±????????ó???????????ó???????????§?ò???ü???????????ì????×÷???????ú???ü???á?????ù?????ú??????????×??????è???í???÷???à?á?????°?ó?á?§???????????????????ú???ú?????±?????ú??????·??ü?????????ó?????ú?????????????????ú?ê?????ê???ü?ê?????ê——?????¨????????????·???·????????????ú?é?ê???í???ò???????????ú????????????????????????

???ú???ú???????ê????±????ü±?????????±????????ó????????????????×??ó????????????????×??????????????ú???ú?????????·?????????·????????????????·????ó???????????????ó???????????????í?ó??——?????????????í?ó???????á???????×?????????????????????????????????????????§???????à???ê????????

???ó???????????ú???ú???????ê?????????ú???ú?ê???ü?ê?????ê???????á???????ó???????????ê?????ú???ú????????×?????????????????????????????×????ì??????——?????????ó?????????é?ê?????ú???????????????????????????°?ó?????????¤????

?????????????????????????ó?????????????????÷???ì???????¤???????ú???ü?ú?·?????????ò????“?ü?????ú????”????????????·?·?×????????????????????ú???ú???????????á?????ù???????±??

“???????????????ü????±?????????????????”?????ó?????????ü?ê?????ú??????·??ü??????????×?°?????????×????????????¤?????????ú?÷???°??????×??·?????????????ú?¤?????§????????

???????????????ó???????????ê?????ê?????ú???ú???????ú???????????ó?????????ü?ê?????ú??????·??ü???????ó?????????ú?ê???????????????ú?????????????????ó?????????¤?????????ò???????????????ú?÷???°??????×??·???????????????ó???????ì???????ú?????????????????????????·??——?????????????????????í??

???÷????????????“???????±??×????????à???????í??????????????”??????????????×??????????????????????ú?÷???°??????×??·?????????????????????ú?????????????????????í?ó????

???ó???????í????×°?????????ú???ú???????¨?á?á???í???????ù?à?á????×÷·??????¨?á?á??????????????????????????????×÷·??????¨?á?á??×????ú????×÷·?——???ù?????ú???ú?????ì??????????

?á?????ó×÷·??????ú???ú?????ì??????????×????ú????×÷·????????ó???????ì???????ú???ú??????????“???°±??ó??????????”??×???????·???????????????????°????????????ì???á??×????ú????×÷·???×??÷??????????????????·?????±??????ó?????????ù???????§?ó?????ì?????ú???????è??????????????·???°??¨?÷?????????ó??·???

???ó??????????????·???????×??????í????????????????????·???????????“??±é?????ó????????????????”????·??????????¨???ú????×????ú?????§?°???ó????????????·??????????????¨?????ü?à???§?????????ó???????????????????????????ü??????????????????

????×????????????????¨???÷???????????????????×???è?????¨×???????????×?????±???±??¤?????·???????ù????±??¤???????????????????????·????????±?????????×??ù?ò?????????????????ú?ü°????????ó??????????????????????“??±§×??ù?ò”??“?ê?????è·?”???í?ó??×?????????????????????????????×??ù?ò???????????????????????????????????????????á?????????????????á?????ú???????ú?ü°????????????????????à???????????ü???°?ì??

???ù???í???????·?¨???÷???????????????????×???è???·?¨???·??×??????????????·??×?????????±??¤???????????????????????·??????????????????????×??ù?ò???????ó???????????????????????·????????????????×??ù?ò?????ó???????????????????á??????“????×??ù?ò”?????·??×????????°?á???????¨???·??·??÷×??ù?ò???????ú???ú·?×??????????ú?????????÷?????ò?ì?????±?ú·???×??ù?ò?????????ù??????????±??????ú???????ú?ü°?????????????????????????????

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——?????????ü?????????????ú????????????????????????×÷??????·????????ü??????·???×???????????·????????¤×÷????·??????????á????????·???

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——??±??????????ó????????×??????????????ú???á?????????????????????ó??????·???????????????×???????·????ò???????????ó?????????ê???·?¨????????????????×????????????§?°????·??ò??

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——???????????????????è????·?·??÷???á?????×???????????á?¨????????×???×????????????¤???°????????·??·?÷???????ó????????????×???±????????ó??????????????????????·????????·?à????????×??÷??????????????×???????

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——?????????????????????§?à?¤????·??????ì???????????????????????????????÷?????????????ì???????é???§???§?ú????????????????????????????????????????

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——?????????????????????????????ó?????????????????????????????????????ù??±???????????????×???×???????????×????í?????????????????á°?ìè??????×?????

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——?????????ó????°×?????????????????????????ü?????????ü???????????ú?ü????????????·??????ü?????????????±???????????????á?????·?????????ò?????????????÷??????????·??????ü????????????×÷?????????·?ù??

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——??????×÷??????????±???????????????????????±?????×???????????????????????????±?????????×????ó??????????×??ó????????×????ó?????????ù???¤??×???±ê×???

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——???????????é?÷?÷?????????ê??????????×??????????????è??????????????±?????????????±????????°???ú?á????????°?×?????????·?×?????×???×???????????°???

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——???????????????????????ú?????????????¤×÷??·?????°??í?ó?????????????????????????????????????°??????????·??????????ú???????????????ó?????????????á?????????????×?ü?????????á????????·????????????????°????

·??????ú???±????·?×÷??——???ù?????ú???±±????????ó?????????á?¨??????×?????????×????????ü??????×????????????????¤?????ù?????ú???±??±???×?????????±???????????????????·??????????????????á???????????????????ú?ù?????¨?????¤???á????

???ú???±???????????ü?????÷???ú?????????ú???±?????????ü?????÷???????????????????????????????????????????????ù?????·????????????????“?ì?ü???????÷?????ò???§????????”???ù????????????????????????????????×??ú???????ò??·????????????????¨?????¨?????????????ü???????ò???????ù???¤????

1921?ê1?????????÷?????????§?á?¤???á?±?ó?á??×??????ì???ú?????????÷??·?????????????±ê??×????????????í???÷?????ü???·??·????????????¤?????ú???ì???÷???????ü??·?·¨???ì???ú?????????°?ó????????????“????????×?°ì·¨?????÷???ó???????ì??????‘???ì????’????????‘???ì???ú??????’??”???????ì??·?·¨?????÷???¨???÷??·?·¨??±×?????í?????ü±í????????????

1921?ê1?????????÷?????????§?á?¤???á?±?ó?á??×??????ì???ú?????????÷??·?????????????±ê??×????????????í???÷?????ü???·??·????????????¤?????ú???ì???÷???????ü??·?·¨???ì???ú?????????°?ó????????????“????????×?°ì·¨?????÷???ó???????ì??????‘???ì????’????????‘???ì???ú??????’???á??‘????’???ù???÷?á?????÷?????ú???????á??‘???ú’???ù???÷?á????????????‘????’???ù?????????ú????±??????????????????????????ú???ì??×????°?????????ì???ò?ù???ì±?????????±?·?°???????”???????ì??·?·¨?????÷???¨???÷??·?·¨??±×?????í?????ü±í????????????“???á????????????ó???????????????°ì·¨?????á???÷?÷?????è?é?á?????ì?¤?????????????é?á????·¨×???±??¤???ú?×?????????????÷??·????¨?????????÷????????????×???????????·?·¨?????ú?÷???????????ù?÷????????×?????·???×?±??????à??????×??????????¤??·?·¨?????ú?÷???????ù???????÷???????×??ר????·?·¨?????????¤???§????????×?????????”???ì???á???????ü??·?·¨???ì???ú?????????°?ó????????×?——

???ú???ì?????á?????·?????á?÷???·?????×?ú?í?ó??×?±??÷???·???????????·??????????×?±??÷?????·?????????????á?÷?????·???????ú?????????¨???????á?÷???ó?ú???±??±???×????á?÷???????·????????×?×?±??÷???????·???????????÷??“????×?×?±??÷?????·???????????ú°?·???????????????????????????????????°?·????????????ú????????????”“??????????????????????·????????????§°?????”“?????ú?ú??????????×??ú?×????????????????×????°?·????”?????¤?÷????????·??????ú???????????ó?à???????ú??????????????????????·??????ú?ú??????×??ú?×????×??????ò×ó?????ò??×????°?·??

???ú???ì?????á?????·???ò°????ú?÷?????·?????×?ú?í?ó?????????ú?÷?????·???????ú?÷???????ú???????????????????????ú?÷????×????ú?÷????????è????????????§?ú?????·???????í?ó????????“?????§?????¨?????????ü???????????ú?¨???????????????????ü???????????ú??????±????????????ù????????·??????ú??????????×?×?×??????????§??×??????????ú????????????????”????????????????·ò?????????ú?????????ú???????????í?ó?·????????±í????

1957?ê3??12???????÷???????????ú???ú?????ú?????¤×÷?á?é???????°?·????????“???ú?????????ú???????ò?????????í?????÷?????????í????????·??????¤???ù±?????????????·?????”“???×???¨???÷?????????ù?·????????????????????????????·??·??????????????????????????·??§???????????ì???????????????é?????????????????ò???????ú?????á?ú???¨?é??‘?á?????í??????°??????????í’?????????????á?÷?????ú?÷?????·?ù???±?ò??±??????????ó???·????????”???ú???ì???????ú???????????ú±í?????ú?????????ú????????×÷·??????ú???ì???±??×????×??????????×???——

1960?ê5??27???????÷?????????í?????§???????????ú?????????á?????±?????í?????÷?????????????ì????±ê×?????????·??á?????????????ü???????ò?±?????÷??????????“?????????????ù?????????ì???????????ó?à???????ú??????”“?????????ò?????????ú±í????????????”“??±?????????????????????”?????í??????·¨?ú±í???÷·??ì?????ò???????????????????÷?????????ò?????????ú???ì??±????????????????????á?÷????·?——?????????????÷?????????ú???ú???ì????·??????????ó±ê×?°ü?¨????????·??ú±í???ú??????????????????·????????ú??????????????????·??????ó?à???????ú??????

???ú???ì??±????????????????????á?÷????·????????????ú???????ú?¨??????±????????ó?à???????ú??????????????????±??????????·???×?????×???·?ù?????ü?????????×?????á???????????????????¨???×?????????ú?????÷???????????ò???×???????????±?°?????ú???????????????????×?????á???×??????×??ò????????????????·??????×???·?ù???????????????????????±×°?????÷?¤????·è???????ú·?????×??ù?ò???ù?????????ú????×??ú?×?????·?????????????????????????ú???????????ó???±???????????ú???ì?????÷?????????????ò??????×??ú?×?????·?????????????à·????????ò??·???×??ù?ò???ù?????????ù??????????????——????????????????°??¨?÷??·?×????????±????±?????·???°??¨?÷???????ò???ó?à???????ú??????

1969?ê4??28???????÷???????ú???ú???????????ú?ú±í?ó?á±????????????°????????“???í???????????????????????????????ó???????????ú???±????????????????????±????ü???ò??????·??????????ú?×??????±????ü???ò??????·??????ù?????????????ù??????????×?‘???????à??????????’????·??????ù????????‘?????????????à?????????à????????????’??????????‘???????à??????????’??????????”???ú???ì?????????????????à?????????????????????÷???à????????????×?°???·??·?÷?????é?á???????????÷??????????·???×????÷????

“×÷???????????????????¤????????????????????????×??ú?×?????¨??????????????×??ú?×?????????????¤???×????????????????·?×??ú?×?????¨???????×?????¨?è???á?÷???????ú?÷????!”???á?÷??±??????ü????·????????????÷·??ú?????ú??×??é?á?á?¨???·???§°????¤?÷?????ú??????????????·?×??ú?×?????¨?ê?????????????????ì??????×?±??÷???ú???????ú???ì??????·??ú±??????ü?????·???·?????????????¨?????á?÷?????¨???ú?á???????????????¨????????

“?????????????×???????????ú?×???????????????????????¨??±í?÷????????????????????????×??ú?×??????±????????ú?×????±?????????????±?????”??×????????÷?????÷????????????????????????????????????????????????±????????×?????????ò?????±???ú?×???????????????????ú?????????????ü?????±?????ú?????ì????±?????????±?????±??????????ù?????ù?????????????á?????·?ù??

“??????????????????????????????×???????×°????×÷????×?±???????·¨?????????????ú?×??×??????????????ü???????????????????????·?ù????”???????±?????à?????ú????“??????·??????????????????÷?÷”???ù???????§?????ü????????????×?????????????×°?????ì?????ú???ú?????ì???????????????×?×?úè??????????×?????????í?ó?·?????????????ú?????????¤???ú·??????????à?ù??·??????ù????

“?í?????÷???????????×???·?ù?????????ù??????×??ó????????????×??????????????ù???÷?????????????????á???????????ò?????ó???????????????ò??×??ú?×?????????????????????????????????ú??ר??±????????ù??”????????×??ú?×????????×??ú?×??×?·??????ú±í?????ú?÷????????????±????????ù?????????????ú?÷??????±????ò???????ì?????????????????í???ù???????????ó?????????????ù?á?¨?????????????????????????ú???ì???????????????ò???í????

“?ú????±????ú???????????????????ú????·??¨???????ú???ò×?±??÷?????????ú??????±????ú???????ú?×??ר???????á?÷???ú????????????????????±????????????ú????”???ú??????±??¤?¨???÷???????????????ú?×??ר????????????±????????ú?????ì??±???°??????????????????????×???ò???????í???????á?¨?????????????????á?¨??

???÷??×??ó???????ú??????????·¨????????“?ú???????????????ú?÷?????ì??????×??ò???ü??·?????”“?????ú???ù???ú???????ù?ò???????ü????????????”???ú?????ì?????????????ú?????ú??????±????????ù???????????????ü????×??????ò???????ù???????????????ú?÷?????????????????????????????ú?????????á????

????“???????????????????????????í???÷?????????à?????ü?????????????????í???÷?????????????÷????”???ì?????í???÷???????????á???±?ú×????·??×????ó???í???÷?????????????á?????ó???????????????à?????ó???????????á???á?????????ü?????????ü???????????????÷???????ù??????????·??????ü?????????à?????ó???????????á???á?????ú?×??ר?????????????????÷???????ù??×??ú?×??ר???????????à?????ó???????????á???á??·?????????????°??¨?÷?????????????????÷???????ù???????±°??¨?÷????????×??·??
????“?????????????ó?à???????±???????????ú?????ó?à???±?????????????????ó?à???±??????????????????????????°??÷?×??????????×??ú?×??????????????????·???????????”???ú?×?????ü??°à???????????±??±??????????????????????????????ó?à???????±????????????????????????×??ú?×?????ò°ì×??ú?×???±???????ü???????ú??°??¨?÷?????·?????±?????????ú?×?????ü??°à?????¨????±???×????ó?à???????ú??????±???×????ó?à??????????????±?????????×???°??¨?÷?????°??????×??·??????±??????????????ò?????ó??????
????“?????????????????á?ó?à???????ù?????á?ó?à??????°ü?¨???°·???×???·????í???????????????????????·??????????????????‘?????ì×???????’??”?ú?·???é?¤?÷?????????·?????á·??????????????ü???????¤???????????á???ü???????á???????????á????????????????±??¨???¤?????ù±?±??¤?????ú?×?????ü??°à?????????????????????±???????????÷???????????÷???????????????????á????·????í?ó???????????í?ó?????ü?????????????????ê????·??í?ó??????????????????????????????????±?????????????????????×??ò???????????????????ü???????á???ó?????????ó?????????á???ú???????ó?à????
????“???????????????ú????????????????·????????????÷????????·???????????????????????????”“???ú???????????÷×÷·????????????¤×÷·???”???ú?×?????ü??°à?????????÷????????“??????”???????á???????÷????????×??????÷????????????????????·????????????????·?????????÷?????·???????????ì?????????÷?????ì?????????????????????÷????????????????????????????????·???????
????“????????×????????í?ó????×÷×????ú????”“????×???????×??????????????í????×?????????”??????????×????ú?????????ú?×?????ü??°à????·??á?????ó????????????±ê??????????????·??????????ó?í?ó?????à???????í??????????×??????????????÷???±?¨?????????????????§?§?ò?ò?????ü????????????±?????????????????????

?????÷???????????ú?÷?????????ì×??÷???????????????ú?÷?????????÷????×????á?÷?????ì??×?×?×?±??÷?????????????á×????????ò×?±??÷?????ú?·???ó?????ú?÷?????ì?×???????±?????????????????ú?÷?????????·???ò???????¨×????????÷???????????????á±??ú???????ò???????????????ú?÷?????????????????????ó?????????÷??????????????·?±?????????????±??ú?????í???????????????ú?÷???????????÷???????÷×????????÷???????????ú?÷??????×??·???????÷?????????????ú?÷????±??????????????·??????????????????????????±??°?????±???????????ó???÷?????????§??????±??°?????????÷???ù????????“???ú?????÷?????ú±í?????????????????????????????????????????????ù????×????????????????ú?????????÷?????§??”

?????÷???????????ü???????????ì????????±??????÷?????????????????ì·????????÷???????????????????à?ò???ù?í?????????????????????????ù???????????à???????????????????????????????á???ì·????í???á?????ó???????????ü?????????÷???????à?????????????????????????÷???????????ì·??????ì·???·??í?ó???????????÷???????????????????????????????????¨??·????????????????÷?????????????¨?????ó?????????????????ü??????????????????????·????÷????·?·¨???????ó?????????????????????????¨?ú?ú????×????????ó?????????????????ú?ú?ü???ó?????ü?????????????÷??????????????±???????·??ú——????????????????±??????????¨?á?ü??·???????????????????????·????????¨?????ó???????????ì??×????????????????????¨?á±?????×????ù?ì???????????ù???á??????????±???????????

???????á?÷?????§°????ú???????????????ú?????±?????????????????ó???????ó????????·ò?????÷???ó????“?????÷??”????????°????????????ò???í???÷????×?·????ú?????????÷????“????????”???????????????????????÷????±??????????????ù·ò?±???????????????????????á?????ó?????¨?????×????±??±?°????????°??á?????????????????????÷???????ú?????????????á?????§??????·??????????÷????×??ó?×????????×?±??÷????±???????????——???????ò???????ú?÷?????????????????ê??°???·ò????“??????????”????×??????÷·??÷×??????????????????????¤?????????????×????????×????ú??·??????????÷????????×??????????????????á?÷?????????????????ó?§°???

????????±??·???????÷??×?±??÷?????????÷????????±????á?????????÷????×?±??÷????±????±??·??????????ú???ú?????ì?????????á?????è???????????á?????ú????·??????ú?÷????·????????÷???????ü???ò?????á?÷???????????¤×÷?????÷???????????ü?í?????°?¤×÷×????????????????????ú???ú?????????á????·??????ú?÷????·????????÷????°??ú?÷?????????ó??????????????????·??????ú?÷?????ó±??°???×???????????÷?????????ì?????????????????????????ú???ú?????????????????ú?????????·?ò????·????????ü???ì?í???·?????????ú???÷???ì???¨?????????????ì???¨?????????????ó????????????????????±??????÷?????ù???á——?????????ú?????á?÷?????ü???á?????????????ù?????ó?§°??????ú???ì?????????á?????????ù÷???±?????????????????????????????????????±???·??ú??????·??ú????????

?????????ú??????×??????÷?????¨??×?±??÷????±??????ó??????????×????????????÷????±??·?????ú?????????÷???????í??°????ó???????ò??????????????·ò?????????ì?????ó?????¨?????×???????°????????°??á???????????ù·ò????????·?×?×??ù?ò????????????·??????ó???§???????ú?÷????????????×????°?????????????????á?÷?????ú??×??ó???÷???ê??°???·ò???????????????ú??°???????±??????????????????????????????????á?÷???????????????÷???????????????????????????ì?????????é?????????????????ü??????????——???ú???????÷????????????×??????????????ú×?±??÷????±????±??·???

???????????????????????????÷????±í????????·????¨????·???°??????????????????????????????????×??????×????????¨???????°?????????±????“???ú?????÷???????????????ó???ó?????????·??×??¤?????????ü?????????÷????±????????????????????????????·?????????ü???????????÷????????????‘????’?í?????÷????????‘?°??·?×?’??”?¨1963?ê12???????÷???????ú?????÷???????á?ù???·?????????ù???????????÷???????????????????????????á?¨??×?????????“?í???????÷???????????????????????á???÷???????????ó±?????????°à?????á?ì???¨??±???×??ú?×?????????????????í???????÷????????????×???????”“??????????????????????×??????????????????á????????·ò?????÷????”“??????????×??ò·?????????????±?????????????±?????????±?????????±????????????????§????????×?±?×??????????????ì?????÷?????ì±±???????????????¤???????????í??±?????????±????????÷????”“?????????é???????????ú?????????????÷??????????????”

???ú?ì????±????á?????????í???÷???????????ò??“????±????????????í?????????÷?????????????ó??????·ò???ù????×??í?????????÷?????????????÷??????”???ò?·???·?????ò×ó???ò??×????????????±?????????????????ú???????è?????ù????????????

???ú?ì????±????á????????·????????????ò??“????±??????????????????ú???????????ó?à????·????????ü???????????ó??????·ò???ù?????ú?????????é×??ú?×?????¨?×????????·????????ú???????ú?÷????·???????????·?????”??????·????????ú???ú?????ì??×??????????ú?÷???°??????????·??????????÷???????????·????

???ú?ì????±????á???í?????á??·??????????ò??“????±????????????á???ó?à?????????¤×÷?????ú?×???????????????????á??×????????à?????????????????????á??????×????????????????????????????á????·?????×?????????±????ù?¤?÷??·????í?ó??????????????±????è????????·ò???ù???????°?????????±????·??????ù?????????á?????ú?????÷???ì????”?????÷???ì???????????????á????°??ù?????????????á?????????ò??×??????????°??????±?×?±??÷???????±??

???ú?ì????±????á?????÷???????????????ò??“????±????????????÷??????????·?????????±????§?á‘??????????????????????’???ì??·?·¨??±????????????????????????????÷×÷·?????????????????·ò???ù?????????????÷????????ר?á°?ìè?????????????????÷?????????í????????????????”?????÷???ì???????????????÷????????????×??ú?×?????????÷?ú?????ú?×?????ó???÷??

???ú?ì????±????á??×????ú???????????ò??“????±??????é?÷?÷?????????ê??????×????ú????????????????×????¤×÷?????±?????í?ó???????????ó??????·ò???ù????????·???°??????????é??×?????°??????í?ó?é??±?????”?????÷???ì??????×???×?????×????????÷???????????????????????ú?????????á????×????ú????

???ú?ì????±????á?????????·?ù?????¤?????????ò??“???ú?×?????ü????????°à?????????????·?ù???ú?ú???????????ü?ó·??ó?????????????¤???????±???¤?????????·?ù???????ì????±??????????????à????°à????”?????÷???ì???????????????·?ù???ú?ú??????????????????×÷?·?ù???ú?ú????????°????ü???ó·??ó??????±???·????ü????·??°???????????????????????????????????????????????¤????

??????·????????÷????·??¨?í?????÷??????±é???í???×???·?ù???í?????÷?????é?ê???????÷????·??¨?×???·?ù?????í?????÷??????±é???í??·????×???·?ù???????????????÷?×???·?ù?í???????±??“?????÷??”?????????????ù???÷???????í?????÷????×??ù±??????÷?????÷???????í????????°ü×°????????×??ú?×????????????????????????????????????°??÷???????????ò°ì×??ú?×???????????????ú?÷?????????·???§???????????á?????ú???????ú?ü°????????í?????????????÷????????×??±????×???????×???????×???????×???????×??ú?×?????±???????÷?????????·??????×??í?????÷???????????ù×????????????????????????????????í?????÷?????ì??????????????????????????

??????·????????÷??????×????á?÷???·????×?×?±??÷???·??????????·??????????ó?à???????????????ò?????????????ú????????????????????????×??è???????°?????è????“????”??“?ó??”????????????????????????????????????×ì?????????ó±??????????????à??????????????????????????????????????????????·????????????????ú?ó???¤???ó?ú???????????÷???§?ù??°??ò???????ù?????????ò°ì×??ú?×???á?????????ú?÷???í??????×?±??÷????????????????????×?????×?±??÷?????°?·?????????÷??????????±í???????????á?÷???í?????????í?????÷???í???????ò°??????????????÷?????ó??????????×?×?±??÷???·????????????????×????ú?÷????????×??·??

?????????????????ú???????÷????·????????ì±±?????????á??????????????????·????ò?????×????·??????ú?????¨???????????ú?×????????????×??ú?×???????????ú?×?????ü?????ú?×??ר?????§???????í???÷???????è???????÷???ò±????????????è???á?????ü????·??????ü???á?????ú?×??ר??????·??????ú?×??ר?????ú?????í???÷?????????????÷???·?ù?????????????????????÷????·????????ì±±????????±ê×?????????·??????ú???á??·???????????????×??ú?×?????¨?×?????????×???÷????????×??ú?×?????ò°ì×??ú?×??×é????·è??????????°??é?????????????÷???????????ó???????ó?ò°ì?×???????ò???ú?÷???????ú??????????×???????????×??·?????é°??à??×??ó??·??????ú?????¨???·????·??????×???·?ù??????????????“???ú?×??ר???????×???·?ù???á?????????×???·?ù??????????????????”??????·ò·????×???·?ù????????“?????????????ú??”??×??????????????????×???·?ù?????????á?÷???ú???????ú?×?????????¨×??????????÷??·??????????÷???????ò×??ú?×????????

?????????????????è???ú??????????????·ò?????????÷???ù???????????ú??·???????????????·ò??????????????????×????????????????÷???????ú????????????×?????????×????÷??????×??í??????±????ü?????????????????ù?????í???÷?????¤???????????°???????¨?????????????í??±??????????ò?í???÷??×?·????????÷????????????·ò???????????????í±??????????????????????°??????????·???°????á?÷????±?????×??ú?×??????±?±????????????????????ú???ú?ó???????ú?ó???????§?ò?ú?ó?°?¤±??????????????????????????????????????????????÷???§?ù???????ò?¤????????×??ù?ò?????????¤???±???????????ú?÷?????ú?????ù???????ú??????“????????”??

1966?ê6??10???????÷?????á???ú???÷?±??????“?í???????÷????????????????????°à?????÷???????????ù????·??í?????÷?????????????????ì??????——???ú???á???÷????·¨?ú???á???÷???????????????ó????????×??ú?×??????????????×????????÷????”“????????????????????????×??????ì±??í????????????°à?????????????????÷???????????ù????????????·ò??????????????×?±??????????°??”±¤??×??????×?????????????????÷?????÷???????????????????????÷???ù???÷????“?????á?÷?????ü????????×??ú?×?????????????????ú??????×?×?±??÷?????·?±?¨????×?×???????×???”

?????÷?????÷????????????????×?×???????×????????????ò????°????ú?×???????¨?????????ú?÷??????????×??ú?×???????????ú?×?????¨?????ú?×?????ì???????¤????×??ú?×?????¨??×??ú?×?????ì???????¤???????ú?×????°???×??????????????ì??????×??ú?×??????°???×??????????????ì????????????·????????ú?×????×??ú?×???????á?÷????×?±??÷?????????¤???????????????????????????????÷???????ú?×?????ü?????ú?×??ר???§????±????????ü??×??í???÷??????????????·????í???÷???????????????????????è???ü·??????ú?×?????ü???á??×??ú?×?????ü???ü·??????ú?×??ר?????á??×??ú?×??ר??——??×?±??÷?????ò?????ù?????????ì??°????ú?×???????¨?????????ú?÷??????????×??ú?×????????

?????÷?????÷????????????????×?×???????×???????????°????×???·?ù??????×??·???????????????¨?è???????????÷??????“???×?????á???????????????????¨???×?????????ú?????÷???????????ò???×??????????”?×???·?ù???????×???¤???????????×?????????????????ú?·——?????????ú???????ú?·?¨???÷??????????????????????·??????ú?·?¨???÷?????????ì?????????ú×??ú?×???÷????????×??ú?×?????ò°ì×??ú?×?????ó?????????×???·?ù·????????á?????????????¤?±???????ú?????????±?????????¤????????????×??ú?×?????¨????????×?±???????×é????????°????×???·?ù??????×??·???????????????¨?è??????????????·??ú???ú?×??ר???????????÷?????????÷?????????ò×?±??÷?????????????ò×??ú?×????????

?????÷?????????ì?????÷????????“?¨??”?????????÷???°?????????????????????¨°×?¨??×?×???×????????¨?????ù???????÷???í?????ú??×??ú?×???????????????????÷??????·????ù?????????????????????????????±???????????°????°????????????????á·?????????????????±é?é?????????????????°?±??±é?????°?ù???¨?á???????????????????????????????ì???ì?ì??????????±?????

?????÷?????????ì?????÷????????“????”?????????÷???°????????????????×????·?????????????????????§??°??????§???ü???ù±???·??¨???ú???????????????????????á?÷??????????????????????·????ù????????????????±????????????????ó???ò????????????????????????????±??????????ó??×??÷?????ó???ò???ì???????ó??????????????????????±?????????·?????×????ò???ó???§???????ù???????????ù???????¨?è?????·???????·????????????????????

?????÷?????????ì?????÷????????“???ù??”?????????÷???°?????????????????á?÷????×?±??÷???????????ù??????×????ú?×??ר???????á?÷?????·????×?×??ú?×??ר?????????÷?????·???????è???ù????????·????ù??????????????·???°??????÷???????????????á?÷?????ì????????°?×??ú?×???±?¨?????????±×÷?????????????í??????·è???????????ú??????“???ó×???”??

?????÷?????????ì?????÷????????“è?????????”?????????÷???°??????????????“è???????,???????·”???????·???ê?ú???ó???????¨???ó?????÷???±?ú????×??÷???á??·?°????§?????ü???÷?????????ú?????ó???????¨ê??????????????????????????ó????????°??¨????????????????????????????,±????????????×???á????????·????ù?????????????????????????????ú???????????¨????????????????????·?????????????±?·ü?????????ú?÷????×??ù?ò??????????????????·??????????ò?????¤???±?????±?¨???????????è·???

×???????????????×??í?????÷?????????????÷?????????????????????????????????¤???????±·?×?????——????±????á??·??????????ú?????????????¤?????????????á???????÷????

???ü??×????ì·????í?????÷???????ú?ü???????????????±?????????á?????ì°?????,??×??????????§?à?ò?ì??±??????????????????ü????????????×?????·????????÷?????????????????????÷???ì·????í——?????????ü????°????ú?×???????ó???ü???????×??“???????????????????????ü?à????×????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????÷??????????????????????????????×????±?????á??????×???????????????????×?????????·????????÷?????????????????????÷???ì·????í?????à????????×????à?????á???à??·???????????????????????”“?????ì??????×???????????????????×??????????ü????°????ü???????×??”?¨??????°??á??±??í???????÷???????????????????ì??±??·??

°??·???ú???????????ü???????×?????????????????????????í?????ú???????÷??????????°??????÷?????ú?ê????“?¨??”??“????”??“???ù??”??“è?????????”?ú???ú?????????????????÷????????±¤???????é?????÷??????????????°????????÷?????í???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????÷?????¨??×??ú?×????±????ó???÷??±í??????·???·á?????ê?????÷?????????ò?????±?°?????ú???????÷????????×???·????????ù?????????ù????????×????ó???????ù?????????ù????????????????????

???ì????????·????ì?¤???ó?????????????????á?????ó???????????ú????·?×??????????ú?????????°?????????????ú??×??????÷?????????????ò???????????????????ó??????×÷????????±????????ù???????????????ú???????ò?¤???ò???????????±?§?????ó?????????°?ó???????ù?????????????ú??“????????”×°??×??????????????????????????ú????????±??????ú??????·?????????????????????????????×?????????????????×????????????????ó?à????????????????????·??????????????ú???????ú?????????????ú?????????????ú?????ì?ó?ì??????×??????????÷??????????°????ú????°????ú???????ü???ó???ó·????????????é????·??ú?????????ú??±????????????????±?ú???ú?????????ó?????????????ì?????????ú????·?×????????ì????????

?à·????????????ó??????±§?????·??????????·?×????????¨???§?°?????????ù???????ó?????????????????¤?????ó?????????á?¨???????????¤?????ú?ó??????°????ó?÷???????ó?÷???á??????×????ú????????·?±??ê???????ó?÷?????????????÷?????????÷?????????????????á????±??????????ó?÷???????????ú??????·????????????ú??????????——???????ú??????·????????????×?????????????????ú???????????????????×?????á?????ó????“?????????????ú?????????????·???????·????????????????????”?????????????ó?????????ú???§?ê??×??°?ó??°??ú?÷??????·?×????????á?¨???í?????????????????ó?????é???????????ì??×????????ì?????ú???????ì??????????

????????????????????????“??????·ò??”??“?????ú?????????ú”???????ú????·??????ù?????è·???×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·????????????¤???????????????????????????????ú??????×??ó?ì???????????ú??×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·??????????????????????????á?÷????????????????·???·???·????????????????ú??????±????ú??×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·???????????????????±??ú?í?????÷?????ó???????÷?????é???÷?????ó???÷????????×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·?????????????????????????????????·?×??ù?ò??×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·???????????×????????????ú???é?????????§????????·¨???????°????????×??ú?×???±?¨???????????ù????·?????????????????·??????????ù?ù???????????????????????????????ó????·?×?????????????“???????à??·???”???????????????????ì???????????????????????????????????ú???????ú??ר???ú?÷??

1957?ê7??9???????÷?????????????á?é???????°????????“×??ú?×?????????á??????????·?×????????????ì??????·??????????ì???????ì??????????????????×?‘×?±°??’??????????±°???????????í?ó????·¨?????±???????ì??×?×??????±??×?×??????ò????×??????ò???è?????ì??????????‘?×?????ò’??????????????????±??í???????ì???à·??????ì???ú?×??????????°???×??ú?×?????????????ì???????????ú?×????°??????ú?×?????????????ì??????”“?????ì?????????è?????ì?????ú?????????ì????·????????ì????????????·???”“???ú????????·???×??ú?×?????????á??????????·?×?????????·??????????ì???????ü?è????·????ü?è?????ì??”????·?×??è????·????è?????ì???è???á??×????????ò?????ú?×????????±ê×????ì×??????÷????????

×??ú?×??????·?×???±??????ú?×??????·?×?????×????ì??ר?????·?·???????????????é?ê?????????ü????????????????????????·?×???????ר???ì????ר???ì???????????·?????????????????????????????????????é?ê?????ì?????????????????????×???ì×?????×??ú?×?????????????ì×?????×??ú?×?????????????????é??°??¤???????????????????????????????????????????ì——????????????×??ú?×??????·?×??¨?????ú?×???????????????ì???????ú?×??????·?×???

????????·?×????????í?????÷?????????í???????????¤?????????á?????é?¤??????}