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&&&Poly Sci 40 Final
Poly Sci 40 Final
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121 Cards in this Set
state 3 ways a bill can become law
1. president signs & approves the bill into law2. sits on the presidents desk for more than 10 days and congress stays in session3. president vetoes but congress decides with a 2/3 majority vote
what traits increase the likelihood of voting
college grad, married
what is a reconciliation bill
it is a last minute revision and changes that the president makes on the budget that revises laws that just passed so that the new budget can be confirmed
the incumbent party is not likely to win the presidency if there is a recession or a high rate of inflation during what period
the period 9 month prior to the election because people ______ at the _____ of the nation that can be determined from the recent past
why in 1977 did rural congressmen representing very few poor people vote for food stamps
by voting for food stamps it was a way to show cooporate voting, they traded votes in return for urban congressmen to vote for agricultural subsidies
what person of body schedules bills for debate and voting in the House
rules committee, they are the "gate keepers"
what person of body schedules bills for debate and voting in the senate
the majority leader
in which chamber can that person or body limit debate and amendments
house of reps
in a congressional election, there are three candidates a liberal, a moderate and a conservative. each is supported by a minority of the electorate the liberal by the largest minority. which candidate wins under the plurality rule
in the same election which candidate is probably preferred to each of the other two my a majority of voters
define entitlement program
a government program that gives certain people rights to federal funds according to a formula set out in the authorizing legislation, they don't need to be appropriated every year
give an example of one
social security/medicarenon-discretionary spending in the federal budget
who ratifies treaties
who confirms judicial appointments
who confirms the new appointment of the VP
how does fire-alarm oversight of the bureaucracy work
like a waiting game, you wait for complaints to made and the people aren't satisfied with the bureaucracy. it's less centralized because you don't go out to do the searching you wait for an alarm (citizen's reports of abuse of power) and then react to it accordingly, more effective less time consuming, preferred
why is voting hard to explain as a rational act
the idea that one vote could make a difference is not true so why should someone participate and vote is everyone isnt doing it? the cost outweighs the benefit because it takes time and its not going to make a difference
what political pressure would congress face if it regulated the money supply itself
if something goes wrong congress will have the responsibility, people will directly associate bad economy, inflation, deflation with congress and that would harm chances of reelection, as well as great consequences if corruption was involved
how has congress avoided this problem
the federal reserve handles the regulation of money and it is independent from congress
what is the relationship between wealth and the likelihood of voting
many think wealth causes voting but its a spurious correlation and a 3rd factor influences is --& education, although the wealthy have time, resources and connections to candidates it is that reach people are more likely to be educated which cause them to vote
what is the sequence of actions that congress takes to enact and annual budget
median voter model
the closer to the middle you are the better chance you have, both parties racing to the middle
how does a bill become a law in the house
bill is introduced by a member, assigned to a committee, hearings, marked with amendments, positive report, scheduled for floor debate by the rules committee
how does a bill become a law in the senate
bill is introduced by a member, assigned to a committee, hearings, marked with amendments, positive report, scheduled for floor debate by the majority leader
if the house and the senate have the same form of the bill then what happens
it goes to the president
if the house and the senate have different forms of the bill then what happens
the house and senate must meet and draft a single bill at the conference committee, one final vote
if it passes then what happens
it gets to the desk of the president
who is most likely to vote
married, educated, old
why did the federal reserve come about in the first place?
what does it do on a general level
ANSWERcontrols the money supply
gerrymandering why can it effect electoral outcomes when there's unequal population
gerrymandering why can it effect electoral outcomes when there's equal population
which party is persuasive about:economy, social welfare, foreign affairs, moral, crime/drugs
economy Rsocial welfare Dforeign affairs Rmoral Rcrime/drugs R
what is congressional oversight
overseeing the federal bureaucracy, making sure agencies are doing what they are suppose to be doing with the money they're allocated
Police patrol
congress actively seeks out wrong doings, can be time consuming, opportunity costs, unlikely to catch the real offenses, unlikely to be effective
what is a spurious correlation
two things that move together on a graph but one isn't explaining the other, there is a 3rd variable
how does congress spend tax payers money
TaxationCreate the agencies that are going to be the arms of congress, authorize gov activity (authorization)Appropriate money to them (annually) (appropriation) The last step can be bypassed entitlements have budget in the already
what is logrolling
congress members trade votesso the other constituency will vote for what they wantboth have to be cooperative, if they both defect then neither will get what they want
what is plurality
the greatest amount of votes regardless of majority can lead to antimajoritarian outcomes
term, constituency, presiding officer and political leader of senate
ANSWERANSWER6 yearsstateVPmajority leader
term, constituency, presiding officer and political leader of the house
ANSWERANSWER2 yearsdistrictspeakerspeaker
what was the shift in relationship between the president and his cabinet in the early 20th century
cabinet was close to the president and had an influence on him, cabinet dropped off as an influential body
what is the difference between authorization and appropriation bills
allow for a program to be started and fundedallot money for each program and how much funding it will receive
who can the president fire
attorney generalsec of state
the bill didnt pass, why?
it didnt pass because schumer added a killer amendment to the bull so that it wouldnt pass, he knew that conservatives would favor B over B+A, but the other 2 would favor B+A over B so B+A would win, from there social liberals want status quo, so SL and EC want B+A both have their first choices however with the decision in the hands of the republicans they ??????
the head of the government of the US
the chief of state of the US
what is a fillibuster and where does it occur
used to waste time so one person keeps talking so that the bill or whatever is being discussed stays on the floor and isn't voted on, this happens in the senate
what is required to stop a fillibuster
it is stopped with 3/5 vote from the senate
what is meant by divided government
the parties differ from the executive branch and the legislative branch, pres bush was R and majority in congress was D
what were the 2 major parties in 1800
republicans and federalists
what were the 2 major parties in 1820
democrat republicans and national republics
what were the 2 major parties in 1840
democrats and whigs
to tell whether congress really controls the bureaucracy is it enough to find out whether congress frequently penalizes officials and agencies why or why not
no, this is not enough because the problem is in not enough enforcement/oversight of congress or because they do such a good job enforcing, its like the empty jail situation
chief problem facing US --& health care, what party would you bet on
if you preferred the other party would you urge the party's candidate not to say much about the campaign
health care --& social welfare
what issues would you urge him to emphasize instead
sell point to republican party foreign affairs, national security
the house and the senate pass different versions of a bill. what two things must now happen before a bill is sent to the white house
a conference committee writes a new version of the bill, both houses vote on it and pass it
in a nonpartesan election for dog catcher, libby a liberal with 25%, maude a centerist with 35%, arch a conservative with 40% under plurality who wins
if a runoff were held who would win
who is likely the condorcet winner? why?
maude because a majority prefers her to either of the other 2 in head to head contests, liberals and moderates (65%) prefer her to arch and conservatives and moderates (75%) prefer her to libby
as a democrat mcBlather dislikes B+A he dislikes any version of B. why did he introduce A?
the amendment was likely offered as a killer amendment to kill the bill
why in 1977 did urban congressmen vote for farm subsidies?
in a vote trade to get rural support for food stamps
what were the 2 major parties in 1984
democrats and republicans
bush (already the president) v H clinton. unemployment and inflation below range but they were bad in his term. who do you vote for? why?
bush, voters look to 9 months prior to the present election as to which way the nation is going, if the 9 months are prosperous then the incumbent is likely to win
5 US reps write give bills, each likes only his own but agrees to support the other 4 what is this called
logrolling
why would they have made it
each member needs the support of the others to pass their bill by agreeing to support other bills they get support for their own
what 2 things does the house rules committee do with a bill
schedule the bill for floor action, limit debate and amendability
does anyone do either of these things in the senate? which things?
schedule floor action
majority leader, minority leader
how did federal election campaign act help incumbents
the can easily create PACs or fundraising organizations
if incentive is reelection what will they engage in
credit claiming, advertising, position taking, pork barreling, universalism, particularism
2 things the senate alone gets to vote on
treaties, appointments, conviction of impeachments, VP if electoral collect fails
congressional committees enjoy a great deal of power within their assigned jurisdictions. state two plausable explanations for these observations
efficient division of labor, greater chance to make a + difference for constituents
after OMB submits its budget, congress passes _______ resolution. after passing authorization and appropriation bills congress pasess ______ resolution and possibly one or more ______ bills to resolve discrepancies. the fiscal year begins on _______.
1st concurrent budget resolution2nd concurrent budget resolutionreconciliation billsoctober 1st
in xonia, gore receives 45% bush 36% buchanan 19%. xonia has 3 reps how many electoral votes does gore receive from xonia
5, the size of xonias congressional delegation, 3 US reps and 2 senators
international conflict the chief problem facing the US who would you vote for
republicans
if you favored the other candidate what would you urge its candidate not to say much about in the campaign
foreign affairs
and what issues would you urge him to emphasize instead
social and welfare issues
how is the pres chosen if no candidate receives an electoral college majority
by the house from the top 3 candidates in the electoral college, by majority rule, with each state casting 1 vote, a majority wins
to beat cain, bush moved right, gore didnt have to move left to beat bradly, what effect might that difference have on the general election
gore is better positioned to capture the center of the electorate therefore the election and/or bush may have trouble reversing his rightward move in the primary to head toward the middle for the general election
proportional representation
method of voting where political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote
in terms of required congressional action distinguish: treaties ______; pure executive agreements ______
2/3 vote in senate none
who initiate revenue bills?impeaches?elections VP when electoral college doesn't?ratifies treaties?
househousesenatesenate
which party is each of these likely to support?a union memberinternational investment bankerblack teacherjewish social worker
what oversight? senate natural resources committee selects a random sample of federal timber sales and demands that the forest service provide full documentation of those sales
police patrol
what oversight? a congressional aid yells at a local postmaster because a constituent has not received his veteran's pension check on time
fire alarm
what oversight? the us court of appeals for the federal circuit reserves an FDA ban on the sale of schwartz armadillo extract to pregnant minors
fire alarm
how many electoral votes is a state entitled
what type of votinglegislator votes for X if he prefers itlegislator votes for X if her prefers the consequence of Xlegislator abides by an agreement
sincerestrategiccooperative
most important difference between a law that makes an international agreement and a treaty
treaty needs 2/3 vote in senate and law needs a simple majority in either house
what does a conference committee do
meshes 2 bills together that passed both the house and the senate but in slightly different versions or language
why is it so powerful
because once the meshed bill is produced it can either be passed or rejected and cannot have any more amendments. if not passes the bill is killed
why does the pres have less control over the chairman of the federal reserve board than he has over the sec of state
he can fire the sec of state but not the federal reserve chairman the sec of state is appointed by the pres and he pays him whereas the fed reserve chairman is not
what is gerrymandering
dividing districts to benefit the incumbent candidate, or to favor one party
which chamber of congress does gerrymandering effect
how might gerrymandering contribute to under-representation of one of the 2 parties, in the chamber that is effected by it
dominate party controls the drawing of districts so they will be drawn in favor of the party in power
if the pres and congress are the same party what is this referred to as?
unified government
which chamber is responsible for confirming presidential nomination
what other powers are peculiar to this chamber? to the other one?
try impeachments and ratify treatiesinitiate public revenue bills, impeach public officers
if congress were to attempt to remove the president, how would this occur? how much is required to impeach him
senate convicts him and the house tries him2/3 majority
are legislatures more likely to be strategic or sincere
what 2 primary functions does the speaker of the house perform?
tells who can speak and 3rd in line for the presidency
is it the same for the senate?
no, VP, majority and minority leaders
today congressional committee chairmen belong to which party
congressional committees enjoy a great deal of power within their assigned jurisdictions, state 2 explanations
specialization of labor, congress has a lot to cover, the committees are smaller than the house and senate. committee is where it is easier for representatives and senators to make a difference for their constituents
what did lincoln do in the lincoln-douglas debate of 1858 to help his presidential prospects in 1860
lincoln put douglas in a position that made him move significantly close to the median in 1858. in 1860 the S democrats felt that he was so removed they got their own candidate to run, which split the democratic vote and left all the republican vote to lincoln alone and he got a plurality
what is a single member district
in each congressional district only one member is elected (to be in the house)
what is proportional representation
method of voting by which political parties are given legislative representation in proportion to their popular vote
when there are 2 main parties and they offer voters pretty much the same policies, does that not reflect the absence of effective electoral competition, of real democracy
no there is a difference on the issue of ownership and salience. a way to win is to stay as close to the middle as possible on the liberal-conservative political spectrum. even though both parties have similar policies there is a facotr who can be pushed further than the other from the middle and who can pull the middle closest to him
what is a continuing resolution
if deadline is not mean and a final budget is not ready by fiscal year, congress passes a continuing resolution when constituting a temporary budget to keep the federal government running
who schedules votes in the house in the senate
rules committeethe majority leader with consultation of the minority leader
what does the rules committee do
says when bills come up and in what form also limits debates and amendments
what does a pure executive agreement require for passing
no congressional consent
what is the difference between a single member plurality (winner take all rule) and a proportional representation system
a proportional representation represents votes proportionally while in a single member plurality the most votes gets all of the representatives
what system dominates every state except maine and nebraska
winner take all rule
today congressional committee chairmen belong to which party
senate: democratshouse: republicans
what is the difference between a committee chairman and a ranking member
dictates policy under their issue jurisdictionsthe majority leader in the senate deals with chairmanship and scheduling
in congress what is a caucus
a meeting of a party (Democrats call it this, republicans call it a conference) usually annually to pick leaders in congress
what is the presidential selection process from primary to election
declare candidacies, run in caucuses and primaries, collect delegates, official nomination, general election, in december the electoral college casts ballots
list 3 sources of ideology
political parties, interest groups, intellectuals
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