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出门在外也不愁Android&SDK&安装指南
Installing the SDK
In this document
This page describes how to install the Android SDK and
set up your development environment for the first time.
If you encounter any problems during installation, see
section at the bottom of this page.
If you already have an Android SDK, use the Android
SDK Manager tool to install updated tools and new Android platforms
into your existing environment. For information about how to do
that, see .
Step 1. Preparing Your Development
Before getting started with the Android SDK, take a
moment to confirm that your development computer meets the . In particular, you might need to install the
if you don't have it already.
If you will be developing in Eclipse with the Android
Development Tools (ADT) Plugin—the recommended path if you are new
to Android—make sure that you have a suitable version of Eclipse
installed on your computer as described in the
document. If you need to install Eclipse, you can
download it from this location:
The "Eclipse Classic" version is recommended.
Otherwise, a Java or RCP version of Eclipse is
recommended.
Step 2. Downloading the SDK Starter
The SDK starter package is not a full development
environment—it includes only the core SDK Tools, which you can use
to download the rest of the SDK packages (such as the latest
Android platform).
If you haven't already, get the latest version of the
SDK starter package from the .
If you downloaded a .zip or .tgz package (instead of
the SDK installer), unpack it to a safe location on your machine.
By default, the SDK files are unpacked into a directory named
android-sdk-&machine-platform&.
If you downloaded the Windows installer (.exe file),
run it now and it will check whether the proper Java SE Development
Kit (JDK) is installed (installing it, if necessary), then install
the SDK Tools into a default location (which you can
Make a note of the name and location of the SDK
directory on your system—you will need to refer to the SDK
directory later, when setting up the ADT plugin and when using the
SDK tools from the command line.
Step 3. Installing the ADT Plugin for
Android offers a custom plugin for the Eclipse IDE,
called Android Development Tools (ADT), that is designed to give
you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android
applications. It extends the capabilites of Eclipse to let you
quickly set up new Android projects, create an application UI,
debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even
export signed (or unsigned) APKs in order to distribute your
application. In general, developing in Eclipse with ADT is a highly
recommended approach and is the fastest way to get started with
If you'd like to use ADT for developing Android
applications, install it now. Read
for step-by-step installation instructions, then
return here to continue the last step in setting up your Android
If you prefer to work in a different IDE, you do not
need to install Eclipse or ADT. Instead, you can directly use the
SDK tools to build and debug your application. The
to Android application development outlines the major steps that
you need to complete when developing in Eclipse or other
Step 4. Adding Platforms and Other
The last step in setting up your SDK is using the
Android SDK Manager (a tool included in the SDK starter package) to
download essential SDK packages into your development
environment.
The SDK uses a modular structure that separates the
major parts of the SDK—Android platform versions, add-ons, tools,
samples, and documentation—into a set of separately installable
packages. The SDK starter package, which you've already downloaded,
includes only a single package: the latest version of the SDK
Tools. To develop an Android application, you also need to download
at least one Android platform and the associated platform tools.
You can add other packages and platforms as well, which is highly
recommended.
If you used the Windows installer, when you complete
the installation wizard, it will launch the Android SDK Manager
with a default set of platforms and other packages selected for you
to install. Simply click Install to accept the recommended
set of packages and install them. You can then skip to , but we recommend you first read the section about the
to better understand the packages available from the
Android SDK Manager.
You can launch the Android SDK Manager in one of the
following ways:
From within Eclipse, select Window &
Android SDK Manager.
On Windows, double-click the SDK Manager.exe file at
the root of the Android SDK directory.
On Mac or Linux, open a terminal and navigate to the
tools/ directory in the Android SDK, then execute:
To download packages, use the graphical UI of the
Android SDK Manager to browse the SDK repository and select new or
updated packages (see figure 1). The Android SDK Manager installs
the selected packages in your SDK environment. For information
about which packages you should download, see .
<img BORDER="0" HEIGHT="528" WIDTH="715"
ALT="Android&SDK&安装指南"
TITLE="Android&SDK&安装指南" />
Figure 1. The Android SDK Manager's Available Packages
panel, which shows the SDK packages that are available for you to
download into your environment.
Available Packages
By default, there are two repositories of packages for
your SDK: Android Repository and Third party
The Android Repository offers these types of
SDK Tools — Contains tools for debugging and testing your
application and other utility tools. These tools are installed with
the Android SDK starter package and receive periodic updates. You
can access these tools in the
&sdk&/tools/ directory of your SDK.
To learn more about them, see
in the developer guide.
SDK Platform-tools — Contains platform-dependent tools for developing and
debugging your application. These tools support the latest features
of the Android platform and are typically updated only when a new
platform becomes available. You can access these tools in the
&sdk&/platform-tools/ directory. To
learn more about them, see
in the developer guide.
Android platforms — An SDK platform is available for every production
Android platform deployable to Android-powered devices. Each SDK
platform package includes a fully compliant Android library, system
image, sample code, and emulator skins. To learn more about a
specific platform, see the list of platforms that appears under the
section "Downloadable SDK Packages" on the left part of this
USB Driver for Windows (Windows only) — Contains driver files that you can
install on your Windows computer, so that you can run and debug
your applications on an actual device. You do not need the
USB driver unless you plan to debug your application on an actual
Android-powered device. If you develop on Mac OS X or Linux, you do
not need a special driver to debug your application on an
Android-powered device. See
for more information about developing on a
real device.
Samples — Contains the sample code and apps available for each
Android development platform. If you are just getting started with
Android development, make sure to download the samples to your
Documentation — Contains a local copy of the latest multiversion
documentation for the Android framework API.
The Third party Add-ons provide packages that
allow you to create a development environment using a specific
Android external library (such as the Google Maps library) or a
customized (but fully compliant) Android system image. You can add
additional Add-on repositories by clicking Add Add-on
Recommended Packages
The SDK repository contains a range of packages that
you can download. Use the table below to determine which packages
you need, based on whether you want to set up a basic, recommended,
or full development environment:
Environment
SDK&Package
If you've just installed the SDK starter package, then
you already have the latest version of this package. The SDK Tools
package is required to develop an Android application. Make sure
you keep this up to date.
SDK Platform-tools
This includes more tools that are required for
application development. These tools are platform-dependent and
typically update only when a new SDK platform is made available, in
order to support new features in the platform. These tools are
always backward compatible with older platforms, but you must be
sure that you have the latest version of these tools when you
install a new SDK platform.
SDK platform
You need to download at least one platform into your environment, so that you will be able to
compile your application and set up an Android Virtual Device (AVD)
to run it on (in the emulator). To start with, just download the
latest version of the platform. Later, if you plan to publish your
application, you will want to download other platforms as well, so
that you can test your application on the full range of Android
platform versions that your application supports.
Recommended
(plus Basic)
Documentation
The Documentation package is useful because it lets
you work offline and also look up API reference information from
inside Eclipse.
The Samples packages give you source code that you can
use to learn about Android, load as a project and run, or reuse in
your own app. Note that multiple samples packages are available —
one for each Android platform version. When you are choosing a
samples package to download, select the one whose API Level matches
the API Level of the Android platform that you plan to
Usb Driver
The Usb Driver package is needed only if you are
developing on Windows and have an Android-powered device on which
you want to install your application for debugging and testing. For
Mac OS X and Linux platforms, no special driver is
(plus Recommended)
Google APIs
The Google APIs add-on gives your application access
to the Maps external library, which makes it easy to display and
manipulate Maps data in your application.
Additional SDK Platforms
If you plan to publish your application, you will want
to download additional platforms corresponding to the Android
platform versions on which you want the application to run. The
recommended approach is to compile your application against the
lowest version you want to support, but test it against higher
versions that you intend the application to run on. You can test
your applications on different platforms by running in an Android
Virtual Device (AVD) on the Android emulator.
Once you've installed at least the basic configuration
of SDK packages, you're ready to start developing Android apps. The
next section describes the contents of the Android SDK to
familiarize you with the packages you've just installed.
For more information about using the Android SDK
Manager, see the
Step 5. Exploring the SDK (Optional)
Once you've installed the SDK and downloaded the
platforms, documentation, and add-ons that you need, we suggest
that you open the SDK directory and take a look at what's
The table below describes the full SDK directory
contents, with packages installed.
Description
Contains add-ons to the Android SDK development
environment, which let you develop against external libraries that
are available on some devices.
A full set of documentation in HTML format, including
the Developer's Guide, API Reference, and other information. To
read the documentation, load the file offline.html in a web
platform-tools/
Contains platform-dependent development tools that may
be updated with each platform release. The platform tools include
the Android Debug Bridge (adb) as well as other tools that you
don't typically use directly. These tools are separate from the
development tools in the tools/ directory because these tools may
be updated in order to support new features in the latest Android
platforms/
Contains a set of Android platform versions that you
can develop applications against, each in a separate
directory.
&platform&/
Platform version directory, for example "android-11".
All platform version directories contain a similar set of files and
subdirectory structure. Each platform directory also includes the
Android library (android.jar) that is used to compile applications
against the platform version.
Sample code and apps that are specific to platform
Contains the set of development and profiling tools
that are platform-independent, such as the emulator, the Android
SDK Manager, the AVD Manager, ddms, hierarchyviewer and more. The
tools in this directory may be updated at any time using the
Android SDK Manager and are independent of platform
SDK Readme.txt
A file that explains how to perform the initial setup
of your SDK, including how to launch the Android SDK Manager tool
on all platforms.
SDK Manager.exe
Windows SDK only. A shortcut that launches the Android
SDK Manager tool, which you use to add packages to your
Optionally, you might want to add the location of the
SDK's tools/ and platform-tools to your PATH environment variable,
to provide easy access to the tools.
Next Steps
Once you have completed installation, you are ready to
begin developing applications. Here are a few ways you can get
Set up the Hello World application
If you have just installed the SDK for the first time,
go to the . The tutorial takes you step-by-step
through the process of setting up your first Android project,
including setting up an Android Virtual Device (AVD) on which to
run the application.
Following the Hello World tutorial is an essential
first step in getting started with Android development.
Learn about Android
Take a look at the
the types of information it provides.
Read an introduction to Android as a platform in
Learn about the Android framework and how applications
run on it in .
Take a look at the Android framework API specification
Explore the development tools
Get an overview of the
that are available to you.
to Android application development.
to learn how to set up an Android-powered
device so you can run and test your application.
Follow the Notepad tutorial
shows you how to build a full Android
application and provides helpful commentary on the Android system
and API. The Notepad tutorial helps you bring together the
important design and architectural concepts in a moderately complex
application.
Following the Notepad tutorial is an excellent second
step in getting started with Android development.
Explore some code
The Android SDK includes sample code and applications
for each platform version. You can browse the samples in the
tab or download them into your SDK using the Android SDK Manager.
Once you've downloaded the samples, you'll find them in
&sdk&/samples/&platform&/.
Visit the Android developer groups
Take a look at the
pages to see a list of Android developers groups. In particular,
you might want to look at the
group to get a sense for what the Android developer
community is like.
Troubleshooting
Ubuntu Linux Notes
If you need help installing and configuring Java on
your development machine, you might find these resources
Here are the steps to install Java and Eclipse, prior
to installing the Android SDK and ADT Plugin.
If you are running a 64-bit distribution on your
development machine, you need to install the ia32-libs package
using apt-get::
apt-get install ia32-libs
Next, install Java:
apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
The Ubuntu package manager does not currently offer an
Eclipse 3.3 version for download, so we recommend that you download
Eclipse from eclipse.org (). A Java or RCP version of Eclipse is
recommended.
Follow the steps given in previous sections to install
the SDK and the ADT plugin.
Other Linux Notes
If JDK is already installed on your development
computer, please take a moment to make sure that it meets the
version requirements listed in the . In particular, note that some Linux distributions
may include JDK 1.4 or Gnu Compiler for Java, both of which are not
supported for Android development.
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