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1.74.2 Description
psxy pxsy从文件或标准输入中读取(x,y)数据对，并在地图上的相应位置绘线、多边形以及其他符号，图像会以postscript的形式生成。如果所需描绘的符号类型已经选择好但符号的大小没有选择，那么psxy会把输入的数据的第三列解释为符号的大小，符号的大小&=0的数据会被忽略。如果没有指明要描绘的符号类型，那么必须要在输入数据的最后一列指明描绘符号的代码（见下面的-S说明）。如果 -S 没被选择，那么数据点之间将以直线连接。要描绘封闭的多边形的话，需使用 -L 选项。可以用 -G 指定色调，如果 -G 被设置，那么 -W 可以用来指定多边形的轮廓线是否描绘。如果选择了所需描绘的符号，那么 -G 和 -W 会决定符号的填充颜色和轮廓线是否描绘。生成的postscript会输出到标准输出。
1.74.3 Required Arguments
-Jparameters
Select map projection.
-R[unit]xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[r]
Specify the region of interest.
For perspective view p, optionally append /zmin/zmax.
1.74.4 Optional Arguments
一个或多个文件的名称。如果没有文件输入，那么pxsy会从标准输入中读取数据。. Use -T to 忽略所有输入文件, 包括 standard input (see below).
默认用线段来绘制大圆弧. 使用直线画它们使用 -A flag. Alternatively, add m to draw
the line by first following a meridian, then a parallel. Or append p
to start following a parallel, then a meridian. (This can be practical
to draw a lines along parallels, for example).
-B[p|s]parameters
Set map boundary intervals.
指定调色板文件。如果使用了 -S 选项，则所绘的符号的颜色由输入数据第三列的z值决定。其他字段的意义都分别向后增加一列（例如符号的大小由输入数据的第四列而不是第三列表示，等等）。如果 -S 没被指定，psxy会等待用户提供一个多段的多边形文件（需要 -M 选项），并且在每个多段文件头中寻找 -Zval。val将通过命令参数表控制颜色。
符号或线段位置偏移 dx/dy
[Default is no offset]. If dy is not given it is set equal to dx.
-E[x|y|X|Y][n][cap][/[-|+]pen]
绘误差棒。附件的x和[或]y表明你要绘制哪个方向的误差[默认是x和y向都绘制]. x和[或]y误差数据必须存储在(x,y)数据对[或(x,y,size)]之后. cap参数表示误差棒顶端长度
[7p]. 绘误差棒的画笔属性也可以设置[默认：width=1,color=0/0/0,texture=solid]. A leading + 将会为符号填充和错误画笔颜色使用彩色 (via -C) ,
while a leading - 将会设置错误画笔颜色并且关闭符号填充. 如果大写的X和[或]Y被使用则将使用"box-and-whisker"（或"stem-and-leaf"）类型的误差棒代替. The x (or y) coordinate
is then taken as the median value, and 4 more columns are expected to
contain the minimum (0% quantile), the 25% quantile, the 75% quantile,
and the maximum (100% quantile) values. The 25-75% box may be filled by
using -G. If n is appended to X (or Y) we draw a notched
“box-and-whisker” symbol where the notch width reflects the uncertainty
in the median. Then a 5th extra data column is expected to contain the
number of points in the distribution.
设置多边形和符号的填充颜色。可附加色调(0-255)，颜色(r/g/b)，或 P|pdpi/pattern(仅对多边形有效)[默认不填充]。注意，当 -M 被选择，psxy将在所有的子头文件中搜寻 -G 和 -W 字符串并将覆盖命令行中的设置。
使用附带的INTENS值（名义上在-1到+1范围内）来调节填充颜色以模拟光照。
-Jz|Zparameters
Set z- same syntax as -Jx.
Do not finalize the PostScript plot.
封闭多边形: connect the endpoints of the line-segment(s) and
draw polygons. Also, in concert with -C and any -Z settings in
the headers will use the implied color for polygon fill [Default is
polygon pen color].
超过边界符号显示出来。Do NOT skip symbols that fall outside map border [Default plots points
inside border only]. The option does not apply to lines and polygons
which are always clipped to the map region.
Append to existing PostScript plot.
Select “Portrait” plot orientation.
-S[symbol][size[u]]
画符号. 符号的大小是在
中(unless c, i, or p is 附加). 如果没有给出符号代码，将会从输入文件中的最后一列读取; 这不能再二进制文件中使用. 可选的, 附加 c, i, or
p 表明，在输入数据中的大小信息是厘米，英寸，或点为单位, respectively [Default is
]. Note: if you provide both size and symbol via the
input file you must use
to indicate the unit
used for the symbol size or append the units to the sizes in the file.
If symbol sizes are expected via the third data column then you may convert
those values to suitable symbol sizes via the -i mechanism.
大写的A,C,D,H,I,S,T为归一化的相同面积的圆，相应的小写为外切圆.
You can change symbols by adding the required -S option to any of
your multisegment headers.
Choose between these symbol codes:
x-dash (-). size是短水平（x-DIR）线段的长度。gmt gmtmath -T0/100/1 T SQRT = sqrt.dgmt gmtmath -T0/100/10 T SQRT = sqrt.d10gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -JX5i/3i -Bag -BWSne+gsnow -Wthick,blue,- -P -K sqrt.d & GMT_linear.psgmt psxy -R -J -S-0.2i -N -Gred& -W1,red -O sqrt.d10 && GMT_linear.ps
plus (+). size 是外切圆的直径。gmt gmtmath -T0/100/1 T SQRT = sqrt.dgmt gmtmath -T0/100/10 T SQRT = sqrt.d10gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -JX5i/3i -Bag -BWSne+gsnow -Wthick,blue,- -P -K sqrt.d & GMT_linear.psgmt psxy -R -J -S+0.2i -N -Gred& -W1,red -O sqrt.d10 && GMT_linear.ps
星. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
-Sb[size[c|i|p|u]][b[base]]
垂直棒形. size is bar 宽度.
Append u if size is in x-units [Default is plot-distance units].
By default, base = ymin. Append b[base] to change this
value. If base is not appended then we read it from the last input
data column.gmt gmtmath -T0/100/1 T SQRT = sqrt.dgmt gmtmath -T0/100/10 T SQRT = sqrt.d10gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -JX5i/3i -Bag -BWSne+gsnow -Wthick,blue,- -P -K sqrt.d & GMT_linear.psgmt psxy -R -J -Sb0.1i -N -Gred& -W1,red -O sqrt.d10 && GMT_linear.psbase设为1gmt gmtmath -T0/100/1 T SQRT = sqrt.dgmt gmtmath -T0/100/10 T SQRT = sqrt.d10gmt psxy -R0/100/0/10 -JX5i/3i -Bag -BWSne+gsnow -Wthick,blue,- -P -K sqrt.d & GMT_linear.psgmt psxy -R -J -Sb0.1ib1 -N -Gred& -W1,red -O sqrt.d10 && GMT_linear.ps
-SB[size[c|i|p|u]][b[base]]
水平 bar extending from base to x. size is bar width.
Append u if size is in y-units [Default is plot-distance units].
By default, base = xmin. Append b[base] to change this
value. If base is not appended then we read it from the last input
data column.
圆形. size is diameter of circle.
diamond. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
椭圆. 方向 (in degrees counter-clockwise from horizontal), 极大轴, and 极小轴 必须在3, 4, and 5列给出.
Same as -Se, except azimuth (in degrees east of north) should be
given instead of direction. The azimuth will be mapped into an angle
based on the chosen map projection (-Se leaves the directions
unchanged.) Furthermore, the axes lengths must be given in km instead of
plot-distance units. An exception occurs for a linear projection in
which we assume the ellipse axes are given in the same units as -R.
For degenerate ellipses (circles) with diameter given in km, use -SE-.&&&&& 与 -Se 相同，但方位角（以正北为起点，顺时针方向的度数）代替了方向。而且方位角&&&&& 会根据投影方式描绘。另外，轴的长度必须以km为单位，这必须在命令行中指定。
-Sfgap[/size][+l|+r][+b+c+f+s+t][+ooffset]. 支持在符号和符号大小之间的距离间隔. If gap is 负数, 他指的是沿着front的符号数. 默认 gap 是30%, 除了gap 是负数.& +l or
+r 值得是在front 的左边或者右边画符号 [Default is centered]. Append +type to 指定画什么符号: box（盒子）, circle（圆形）, fault（线段）,
slip, or triangle（三角形）. [Default is fault]. Slip means
left-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip arrows (centered is not an
option). Append +ooffset to offset the first symbol from the
beginning of the front by that amount [0]. Note: By placing -Sf
options in the segment header you can change the front types on a
segment-by-segment basis.+l|+r 实例
八角形. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
六角形. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
inverted triangle. size is diameter of circumscribing(外接) circle.
Rotated旋转 rectangle. 方向 (in degrees counter-clockwise from
horizontal), x-方向, and y-方向 must be found in columns 3, 4,
Same as -Sj, except azimuth (in degrees east of north) should be
given instead of direction. The azimuth will be mapped into an angle
based on the chosen map projection (-Sj leaves the directions
unchanged.) Furthermore, the dimensions must be given in km instead of
plot-distance units. An exception occurs for a linear projection in
which we assume the dimensions are given in the same units as -R.
kustom symbol. Append name/size, and we will look for a
definition file（定义文件） called name.def in (1) the current
directory or (2) in ~/.gmt or (3) in
$GMT_SHAREDIR/custom. The symbol as defined in that file is of size
1.0 the appended size will scale symbol accordingly. 用户可以自定义自己的Users
may add their own custom *.def see CUSTOM SYMBOLS below.
letter or text string (less than 256 characters). Give size, and
append +tstring after the size.& the size 只是近似大小; 字体都是大小相等的. 记得转义特殊字符像*. Optionally,& +ffont 来选择特殊字体 [Default is ] and
+jjustify to change justification [CM].&&&& 命令： -Sl0.15i+ttest
math angle arc（数学角度弧线）, optionally with one or two arrow heads [Default is
no arrow heads]. The size is the length of the vector head（矢量头）. Arc width（弧线宽）
is set by -W. 弧线半径和开始和停止的方向(in degrees counter-clockwise from horizontal) 必须在 3-5列给出. See VECTOR ATTRIBUTES for specifying other attributes.
Same as -Sm but switches to straight angle symbol if angles subtend
90 degrees exactly.
pentagon（五边形）. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
point. No size needs to be specified (1 pixel is used).
quoted line, i.e., 带注记的线例如等高线. Append
[d|D|f|l|L|n|x|X]info[:labelinfo]. 所需的参数控制沿 quoted line 放置的标签. Choose among five controlling algorithms:
ddist[c|i|p] or
Ddist[d|e|f|k|m|M|n|s]
For 小写 d, 给出标签间距离的首选单位 c (cm), i (inch), or p
(points), while for 大写 D, 指定地图单位的距离，并附加单位; choose among e (m), f (foot), k
(km), M (mile), n (nautical mile) or u (US survey foot),
and d (arc degree), m (arc minute), or s (arc second).
[Default is 10c or 4i]. 可选项, 附加
/fraction 是用于给每个等高线放置第一个标签，当累积沿着等高线的距离等于 fraction
* dist [0.25].
读取 ascii 文件 ffile.d 并且 沿着quoted lines 在与文件位置匹配的地方放置标签. 该地区以外和非精确匹配的点跳过.
l|Lline1[,line2,...]
Give start and stop coordinates for one or more comma-separated
straight line segments. Labels will be placed where these lines
intersect the quoted lines. The format of each line specification
is start/stop, where start and stop are either a specified
point lon/lat or a 2-character XY key that uses the
justification format employed in pstext to indicate a point on
the map, given as [LCR][BMT]. L will interpret the point pairs
as defining great circles [Default is straight line].
Specifies the number of equidistant labels for quoted lines line
[1]. Upper case N starts labeling exactly at the start of the
line [Default centers them along the line]. N-1 places one
justified label at start, while N+1 places one justified label
at the end of quoted lines. Optionally, append
/min_dist[c|i|p] to enforce that a
minimum distance separation between successive labels is enforced.
x|Xxfile.d
Reads the multisegment file xfile.d and places labels at the
intersections between the quoted lines and the lines in xfile.d.
X will resample the lines first along great-circle arcs.
In addition, you may optionally append
+rradius[c|i|p] to set a minimum
label separation in the x-y plane [no limitation].
The optional labelinfo controls the specifics of the label
formatting and consists of a concatenated string made up of any of
the following control arguments:
注解在一个固定的角度, +an for line-normal, or
+ap for line-parallel [Default].
Sets the clearance between label and optional text box. Append
c|i|p to specify the unit or % to indicate a
percentage of the label font size [15%].
Turns on debug which will draw helper points and lines to illustrate
the workings of the quoted line setup.
Delay the plotting of the text. This is used to build a clip path
based on the text, then lay down other overlays while that clip path
is in effect, then turning of clipping with psclip -Ct which
finally plots the original text.
Sets the desired font [Default
size changed to 9p].
Selects opaque text boxes [Default is transparent]; optionally
specify the color [Default is ].
Sets label justification [Default is MC]. Ignored when
-SqN|n+|-1 is used.
Sets the constant label text.
Sets the label text according to the specified flag:
Take the label from the current segment header (first scan for
an embedded -Llabel option, if not use the first word
following the segment flag). For multiple-word labels, enclose
entire label in double quotes.
Take the Cartesian plot distances along t
append c|i|p as the unit [Default is
d|e|f|k|n|M|n|s as the unit [Default is
d(egrees), unless label placement was based on map
distances along the lines in which case we use the same unit
specified for that algorithm]. Requires a map projection to be
Use text after the 2nd column in the fixed label location file
as the label. Requires the fixed label location setting.
As +Lh but use the headers in the xfile.d instead.
Requires the crossing file option.
Nudges the placement of labels by the specified amount (append
c|i|p to specify the units). Increments
are considered in the coordinate system defined by the
ori use +N to force increments in the
plot x/y coordinates system [no nudging].
Selects rounded rectangular text box [Default is rectangular].
Not applicable for curved text (+v) and only makes sense for
opaque text boxes.
Draws the outline of text boxes [Default is no outline];
optionally specify pen for outline [Default is width = 0.25p,
color = black, style = solid].
Will not place labels where the line’s radius of curvature is
less than min_rad [Default is 0].
Saves line label x, y, and text to file [Line_labels.txt].
Use +T to save x, y, angle, text instead.
Appends unit to all line labels. If unit starts with a
leading hyphen (-) then there will be no space between label
value and the unit. [Default is no unit].
Specifies curved labels following the path [Default is straight
Specifies how many (x,y) points will be used to estimate
label angles [Default is 10].
Prepends prefix to all line labels. If prefix starts with a
leading hyphen (-) then there will be no space between label
value and the prefix. [Default is no prefix].
Note: By placing -Sq options in the segment header you can change
the quoted text attributes on a segment-by-segment basis.
rectangle. No size needs to be specified, but the x- and
y-dimensions must be found in columns 3 and 4.
Rounded rectangle. No size needs to be specified, but the x-
and y-dimensions and corner radius must be found in columns 3, 4,
square. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
triangle. size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
vector. Direction (in degrees counter-clockwise from
horizontal) and length must be found in columns 3 and 4. The size
is the length of the vector head. Vector width is set by -W. See
VECTOR ATTRIBUTES for specifying other attributes.
Same as -Sv, except azimuth (in degrees east of north) should be
given instead of direction. The azimuth will be mapped into an angle
based on the chosen map projection (-Sv leaves the directions
unchanged.) See VECTOR ATTRIBUTES for specifying other attributes.
pie wedge. Start and stop directions (in degrees
counter-clockwise from horizontal) for pie slice must be found in
columns 3 and 4.
Same as -Sw, except azimuths (in degrees east of north) should
be given instead of the two directions. The azimuths will be mapped
into angles based on the chosen map projection (-Sw leaves the
directions unchanged.)
cross (x). size is diameter of circumscribing circle.
y-dash (|). size is the length of a short vertical (y-dir) line
geovector. Azimuth (in degrees east from north) and length (in km)
must be found in columns 3 and 4. The size is the length of the
vector head. Vector width is set by -W. See VECTOR ATTRIBUTES
for specifying attributes.
Ignore all input files, including standard input. This is the same
as specifying /dev/null (or NUL for Windows users) as input file.
Use this to activate only the options that are not related to
plotting of lines or symbols, such as psxy -R -J -O
-T to terminate a sequence of GMT plotting commands without
producing any plotting output.
-U[just/dx/dy/][c|label]
Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.
Select verbosity level [c].
-W[-|+][pen]
Set pen attributes for lines or the outline of symbols [Defaults:
width = default, color = black, style = solid]. A leading + will
use the lookup color (via -C) for both symbol fill and outline
pen color, while a leading - will set outline pen color and turn
off symbol fill.
-X[a|c|f|r][x-shift[u]]
-Y[a|c|f|r][y-shift[u]]
Shift plot origin.
-bi[ncols][type]
Select binary input. [Default is the required number of columns given the chosen settings].
-acol=name[...]
Set aspatial column associations col=name.
Specify number of plot copies [Default is 1].
-f[i|o]colinfo
Specify data types of input and/or output columns.
-g[a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]z[+|-]gap[u]
Determine data gaps and line breaks. The -g option is ignored if -S is set.
-h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle]
Skip or produce header record(s).
-icols[l][sscale][ooffset][,...]
Select input columns.
Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.
-p[x|y|z]azim/elev[/zlevel][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0]
Select perspective view.
-t[transp]
Set PDF transparency level in percent.
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exits (NOTE: on Windows use just -).
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of
any module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exits.
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of
options, then exits.
Print GMT version and exit.
--show-datadir
Print full path to GMT share directory and exit.
Several modifiers may be appended to the vector-producing options to
specify the placement of vector heads, their shapes, and the
justification of the vector:
+aangle sets the angle of the vector head apex [30].
+b places a vector head at the beginning of the vector path [none].
+e places a vector head at the end of the vector path [none].
+g-|fill turns off vector head fill (if -) or sets the vector
head fill [Default fill is used, which may be no fill].
+l draws half-arrows, using only the left side [both].
+nnorm scales down vector attributes (pen thickness, head size)
with decreasing length, where vectors shorter than norm will have
their attributes scaled by length/norm [arrow attributes remains
invariant to length].
+oplon/plat specifies the oblique pole for the great or
small circles.
Only needed for great circles if +q is given.
+p[-][pen] sets the vector pen attributes. If pen has a
leading - then the head outline is not drawn. [Default pen is used, and
head outline is drawn]
+q means the input angle, length is instead the start and stop
opening angles of the arc segment relative to the point.
+r draws half-arrows, using only the right side [both].
In addition, all but circular vectors may take these modifiers:
+jjust determines how the input x,y point relates to the
vector. Choose from beginning [default], end, or center.
+s means the input angle, length is instead the x, y
coordinates of the vector end point.
To plot solid red circles (diameter = 0.25 cm) at the positions listed
in the file DSDP.xy on a Mercator map at 5 cm/degree of the area 150E to
154E, 18N to 23N, with tickmarks every 1 degree and gridlines every 15
minutes, use
gmt psxy DSDP.xy R150/154/18/23 -Jm5c -Sc0.25c -Gred -B1g15m & map.ps
To plot the xyz values in the file quakes.xyzm as circles with size
given by the magnitude in the 4th column and color based on the depth in
the third using the color palette cpt on a linear map, use
gmt psxy quakes.xyzm -R0/0 -JX6i -Sc -Ccpt -B200 & map.ps
To plot the file trench.xy on a Mercator map, with white triangles with
sides 0.25 inch on the left side of the line, spaced every 0.8 inch, use
gmt psxy trench.xy -R150/200/20/50 -Jm0.15i -Sf0.8i/0.1i+l+t -Gwhite -W -B10 & map.ps
To plot the data in the file misc.d as symbols determined by the code in
the last column, and with size given by the magnitude in the 4th column,
and color based on the third column via the color palette cpt on a
linear map, use
gmt psxy misc.d -R0/100/-50/100 -JX6i -S -Ccpt -B20 & map.ps
Segment Header Parsing
Segment header records may contain one of more of the following options:
Use the new fill and turn filling on
Turn filling off
Revert to default fill (none if not set on command line)
Use the new pen and turn outline on
Revert to default pen
(if not set on command line)
Turn outline off
Obtain fill via cpt lookup using z-value zval
Get the NaN color from the cpt file
Custom Symbols
psxy allows users to define and plot their own custom symbols. This
is done by encoding the symbol using our custom symbol macro code
described in Appendix N. Put all the macro codes for your new symbol in
a file whose extension must be . you may then address the symbol
without giving the extension (e.g., the symbol file tsunami.def is used
by specifying -Sktsunami/size. The definition file can contain
any number of plot code records, as well as blank lines and comment
lines (starting with #). psxy will look for the definition files in
(1) the current directory, (2) the ~/.gmt directory, and
(3) the $GMT_SHAREDIR/custom directory, in that order.
Freeform polygons (made up of straight line segments and arcs of
circles) can be designed - these polygons can be painted and filled with
a pattern. Other standard geometric symbols can also be used. See Appendix
for macro definitions.
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pubSucc:'',
visitorProvince:'',
visitorCity:'',
visitorNewUser:false,
postAddInfo:{},
mset:'000',
remindgoodnightblog:false,
isBlackVisitor:false,
isShowYodaoAd:false,
hostIntro:'',
hmcon:'0',
selfRecomBlogCount:'0',
lofter_single:''
{list a as x}
{if x.moveFrom=='wap'}
{elseif x.moveFrom=='iphone'}
{elseif x.moveFrom=='android'}
{elseif x.moveFrom=='mobile'}
${a.selfIntro|escape}{if great260}${suplement}{/if}
{list a as x}
推荐过这篇日志的人：
{list a as x}
{if !!b&&b.length>0}
他们还推荐了：
{list b as y}
转载记录：
{list d as x}
{list a as x}
{list a as x}
{list a as x}
{list a as x}
{if x_index>4}{break}{/if}
${fn2(x.publishTime,'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')}
{list a as x}
{if !!(blogDetail.preBlogPermalink)}
{if !!(blogDetail.nextBlogPermalink)}
{list a as x}
{if defined('newslist')&&newslist.length>0}
{list newslist as x}
{if x_index>7}{break}{/if}
{list a as x}
{var first_option =}
{list x.voteDetailList as voteToOption}
{if voteToOption==1}
{if first_option==false},{/if}&&“${b[voteToOption_index]}”&&
{if (x.role!="-1") },“我是${c[x.role]}”&&{/if}
&&&&&&&&${fn1(x.voteTime)}
{if x.userName==''}{/if}
网易公司版权所有&&
{list x.l as y}
{if defined('wl')}
{list wl as x}{/list}}