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朝陽科技大學工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班學位論文
2011年 (2011 / 01 / 01)
工業化工作環境中，上肢累積性傷害問題普遍存在。導致累積性傷害的主要人因工程影響因素包括工作姿勢不良、過度施力及高度重複性等。文獻顯示，生理量測的方法適於評估頻繁性高且持續的作業。因物件的擺設位置高低、或遠近、亦或方向不同，造成作業人員重複性傷害，文獻上未見針對其生理負荷進行系統性探討。
本研究利用肌電訊號量測模組及心率監視器，收集15位受測者上肢肌群肌電訊號（Electromyography, EMG）以及執行重複性作業時的心搏率等資料，重複性作業包括不同方向（45°與90°）、不同可及距離（前臂長與手臂長）及不同作業高度（高於作業面15公分及與作業面同高）的作業型態。資料分析方面，主要利用時間-頻率分析之離散小波轉換，分析動態肌電訊號，進而獲得肌電訊號的瞬時中央頻率（IMF）、均方根值（RMS）及受測者心搏率。
結果顯示，作業方向不同，對於前三角肌與中三角肌有顯著影響；可及距離不同，對於肱二頭肌、中三角肌與上斜方肌有顯著影響；作業高度不同，對於肱二頭肌、前三角肌、中三角肌與上斜方肌有顯著影響；作業方向、距離與高度的交互作用，則皆無顯著性影響。心搏率方面，無論方向、距離或高度的改變，對於心搏率皆無顯著影響。本研究發現，當作業方向為45度、可及距離為前臂長且與作業面同高的作業類型，受測者疲勞人數最少，而當作業方向為90度、距離為手臂長且高作業面15公分的作業類型，疲勞人數最多。
Cumulative trauma disorders of upper limbs are one of the most common occupational illnesses in industries. There are three main ergonomics-related risk factors: awkward postures, overexertion and repetition. It is shown that physiological approach is more practicable to evaluate the workload of repetitive and long-duration tasks. Few studies using physiological approach were explored to investigate the effect of different working direction, reach distance and height on the muscle fatigue in the literature.
An experiment was conducted to collect the biomechanical behavior of upper limbs in the laboratory where EMG system and heart rate monitor were performed. Fifteen subjects were recruited to perform the tasks performed with different working directions, reach distances and working height. The discrete wavelet transform, a technique of time-frequency analysis, was explored to evaluate dynamic EMG measurements and to obtain instantaneous median frequency (IMF), root mean square (RMS) and range of motion.
The results show that the muscle activity of anterior deltoid and middle deltoid present significantly different in different working direction. The muscle activity of biceps, middle deltoid and upper trapezius show significantly different in different reach disuance. The muscle activity of biceps, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid and upper trapezius demonstrate significantly different in different working height. However, the interaction of working direction, reach distance and height shows no significantly different. No significantly difference is found on heart rate among working direction, reach distance and working height. The number of subjects with muscle fatigue is the least when the task is performed with 45-degree direction, forearm-length distance and elbow height. However, the number of subjects with muscle fatigue is the greatest with the task at 90-degree direction, arm-length distance and 15cm above elbow height.
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